14.10
रजस्तमश्चाभिभूय
सत्त्वं भवति भारत ।
रजः सत्त्वं तमश्चैव
तमः सत्त्वं रजस्तथा ॥
rajas tamaś cābhibhūya sattvaṃ bhavati bhārata
rajaḥ sattvaṃ tamaś caiva tamaḥ sattvaṃ rajas tathā
Kṛṣṇa (कृष्ण) is still speaking, to Arjuna (अर्जुन).
The verse
Having overpowered rajas (रजस्) and tamas (तमस्), sattva (सत्त्व) prevails, Bhārata (भारत); rajas (रजस्) prevails having overpowered sattva (सत्त्व) and tamas (तमस्); and tamas (तमस्) likewise, having overpowered sattva (सत्त्व) and rajas (रजस्).
नेपालीमा
रजस् र तमस्लाई दबाएर सत्त्व प्रबल हुन्छ, हे भारत, सत्त्व र तमस्लाई दबाएर रजस् प्रबल हुन्छ, र त्यसरी नै सत्त्व र रजस्लाई दबाएर तमस् प्रबल हुन्छ।
Where it sits
The three binds have been described one by one, and this verse says they do not hold in equal strength: whichever has overpowered the other two is the one that prevails.
Split: रजः + तमः + च + अभिभूय + सत्त्वम् + भवति + भारत + रजः + सत्त्वम् + तमः + च + एव + तमः + सत्त्वम् + रजः + तथा
rajaḥ + tamaḥ + ca + abhibhūya + sattvam + bhavati + bhārata + rajaḥ + sattvam + tamaḥ + ca + eva + tamaḥ + sattvam + rajaḥ + tathā
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| देवनागरी | Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|---|
| रजः | rajaḥ | accusative neuter | rajas (रजस्). Object of the first abhibhūya (अभिभूय). |
| तमः | tamaḥ | accusative neuter | tamas (तमस्). The other object of that first gerund. |
| च | ca | indeclinable | and. |
| अभिभूय | abhibhūya | gerund | having overpowered. abhi-bhū (अभि-भू). |
| सत्त्वम् | sattvam | nominative neuter | sattva (सत्त्व). The one that prevails. |
| भवति | bhavati | present, 3rd singular | comes to be, prevails. |
| भारत | bhārata | vocative | Bhārata (भारत). |
| रजः | rajaḥ | nominative neuter | rajas (रजस्). Now the one that prevails. |
| सत्त्वम् | sattvam | accusative neuter | sattva (सत्त्व). Now one of the two it overpowers. |
| तमः | tamaḥ | accusative neuter | tamas (तमस्). The other. |
| च | ca | indeclinable | and. |
| एव | eva | indeclinable | indeed. |
| तमः | tamaḥ | nominative neuter | tamas (तमस्). The one that prevails in the last clause. |
| सत्त्वम् | sattvam | accusative neuter | sattva (सत्त्व), overpowered. |
| रजः | rajaḥ | accusative neuter | rajas (रजस्), overpowered. |
| तथा | tathā | indeclinable | likewise. |
The phrases
rajaḥ tamaḥ ca abhibhūya sattvaṃ bhavati (रजः तमः च अभिभूय सत्त्वं भवति) is the only clause that says the verb. Having overpowered rajas (रजस्) and tamas (तमस्), sattva (सत्त्व) comes to be. The two accusatives are what it overpowers. sattvam (सत्त्वम्) is the subject of bhavati (भवति).
rajaḥ sattvaṃ tamaḥ ca eva (रजः सत्त्वं तमः च एव) borrows abhibhūya (अभिभूय) and bhavati (भवति). rajas (रजस्) prevails, having overpowered sattva (सत्त्व) and tamas (तमस्). The nominative has changed. The same two roles, a different strand in the nominative.
tamaḥ sattvaṃ rajaḥ tathā (तमः सत्त्वं रजः तथा) borrows them again. tamas (तमस्) likewise, having overpowered sattva (सत्त्व) and rajas (रजस्). tathā (तथा) means the shape of the clause is the same, not a new event.
Sanskrit in this line
abhibhūya (अभिभूय) and bhavati (भवति) are said once. The second and third clauses are still full clauses. You supply the gerund and the verb from the first line, and you sort nominative from accusative by the pattern already given: the strand that prevails is nominative, and the two it has overpowered are accusative. tathā (तथा) is the signal that the last clause is that same pattern, not a list of leftovers.
Say it back
Cover the English. For each strand, say which two it has overpowered. If all three come out as subjects at once, stay here.