15.11
यतन्तो योगिनश्चैनं
पश्यन्त्यात्मन्यवस्थितम् ।
यतन्तोऽप्यकृतात्मानो
नैनं पश्यन्त्यचेतसः ॥
yatanto yoginaś cainaṃ paśyanty ātmany avasthitam
yatanto 'py akṛtātmāno nainaṃ paśyanty acetasaḥ
Kṛṣṇa (कृष्ण) continues, and the seeing of 15.10 is now tied to the state of the one who looks.
The verse
Striving yogins see him standing in the self; even the striving, if their self is unworked and they are without understanding, do not see him.
नेपालीमा
यत्न गर्ने योगीहरूले उसलाई आत्मामा उभिएको देख्छन्। यत्न गरे पनि आत्मामा काम नगरिएको र बुझाइ नभएकाहरूले उसलाई देख्दैनन्।
Where it sits
15.10 gave the eye of knowledge. This verse refuses the shortcut. Effort with an unprepared self still does not see. The section on the portion in the living closes here. The next verse turns to the light in the sun.
Split: यतन्तः + योगिनः + च + एनम् + पश्यन्ति + आत्मनि + अवस्थितम् + यतन्तः + अपि + अकृत-आत्मानः + न + एनम् + पश्यन्ति + अचेतसः
yatantaḥ + yoginaḥ + ca + enam + paśyanti + ātmani + avasthitam + yatantaḥ + api + akṛta-ātmānaḥ + na + enam + paśyanti + acetasaḥ
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| देवनागरी | Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|---|
| यतन्तः | yatantaḥ | nominative plural, present participle of yat (यत्) | striving. |
| योगिनः | yoginaḥ | nominative plural of yogin (योगिन्) | yogins. |
| च | ca | indeclinable | and. |
| एनम् | enam | accusative singular | him. The life. |
| पश्यन्ति | paśyanti | present, 3rd plural | they see. |
| आत्मनि | ātmani | locative singular of ātman (आत्मन्) | in the self. |
| अवस्थितम् | avasthitam | accusative singular, past participle of ava-sthā (अव-स्था) | standing. Stationed. Agrees with enam (एनम्). |
| यतन्तः | yatantaḥ | nominative plural | striving. |
| अपि | api | indeclinable | even. |
| अकृत-आत्मानः | akṛta-ātmānaḥ | nominative plural, bahuvrīhi (बहुव्रीहि) | whose self is unworked. Not prepared. kṛta (कृत) is "done." |
| न | na | indeclinable | not. |
| एनम् | enam | accusative singular | him. |
| पश्यन्ति | paśyanti | present, 3rd plural | they see. |
| अचेतसः | acetasaḥ | nominative plural of acetas (अचेतस्) | without mind. Unthinking. cetas (चेतस्) is mind, understanding. |
The phrases
yatantaḥ yoginaḥ ca enam paśyanti ātmani avasthitam (यतन्तः योगिनः च एनम् पश्यन्ति आत्मनि अवस्थितम्) is the seeing that succeeds. Striving yogins see him standing in the self. यतन्तः + योगिनः yatantaḥ + yoginaḥ is yatanto yoginaḥ (यतन्तो योगिनः). योगिनः + च yoginaḥ + ca is yoginaś ca (योगिनश् च), and च + एनम् ca + enam is cainam (चैनम्). पश्यन्ति + आत्मनि paśyanti + ātmani is paśyanty ātmani (पश्यन्त्यात्मनि), and आत्मनि + अवस्थितम् ātmani + avasthitam is ātmany avasthitam (आत्मन्यवस्थितम्).
yatantaḥ api akṛtātmānaḥ na enam paśyanti acetasaḥ (यतन्तः अपि अकृतात्मानः न एनम् पश्यन्ति अचेतसः) is the same striving, failed. Even while striving, those whose self is unworked, the mindless, do not see him. The striving is not the difference. The prepared self is.
Sanskrit in this line
यतन्तः + अपि yatantaḥ + api is recited yatanto 'pi (यतन्तोऽपि). अः + अ aḥ + a becomes o (ओ), and the lost short a (अ) is marked by the avagraha ऽ. Then अपि + अकृत api + akṛta is apy akṛta (अप्यकृत), because i (इ) before a vowel becomes y (य्). One phrase, two joints: yatanto 'py akṛtātmānaḥ (यतन्तोऽप्यकृतात्मानः). The visarga of ātmānaḥ (आत्मानः) before na (न) becomes o (ओ): ātmāno na (आत्मानो न).
Say it back
Who sees him, and who strives and still does not. If api (अपि) is dropped, the second group is no longer "even the striving." Stay here.