15.12
यदादित्यगतं तेजो
जगद्भासयतेऽखिलम् ।
यच्चन्द्रमसि यच्चाग्नौ
तत्तेजो विद्धि मामकम् ॥
yad ādityagataṃ tejo jagad bhāsayate 'khilam
yac candramasi yac cāgnau tat tejo viddhi māmakam
Kṛṣṇa (कृष्ण) continues, and viddhi (विद्धि) turns the verse into a command to Arjuna (अर्जुन).
The verse
The light that resides in the sun and illumines the whole world, and that which is in the moon and in fire, know that light as mine.
नेपालीमा
सूर्यमा रहेर सारा संसार उज्यालो पार्ने तेज, र चन्द्रमामा र आगोमा रहेको तेज, त्यो तेज मेरो हो भनेर जान।
Where it sits
The portion in the living is finished. He begins to name the powers that hold the world as his own, and the first of them is light. 15.6 said sun, moon, and fire do not light his abode. Here the light in those three is his.
Split: यत् + आदित्य-गतम् + तेजः + जगत् + भासयते + अखिलम् + यत् + चन्द्रमसि + यत् + च + अग्नौ + तत् + तेजः + विद्धि + मामकम्
yat + āditya-gatam + tejaḥ + jagat + bhāsayate + akhilam + yat + candramasi + yat + ca + agnau + tat + tejaḥ + viddhi + māmakam
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| देवनागरी | Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|---|
| यत् | yat | nominative singular of yad (यद्) | which. What. |
| आदित्य-गतम् | āditya-gatam | nominative singular | gone into the sun. Residing in the sun. āditya (आदित्य) is the sun. |
| तेजः | tejaḥ | nominative of tejas (तेजस्) | light. Brilliance. |
| जगत् | jagat | accusative singular | the world. What moves. |
| भासयते | bhāsayate | present causative, 3rd singular of bhās (भास्) | illumines. |
| अखिलम् | akhilam | accusative singular | whole. Entire. Agrees with jagat (जगत्). |
| यत् | yat | nominative singular | which. |
| चन्द्रमसि | candramasi | locative singular of candramas (चन्द्रमस्) | in the moon. |
| यत् | yat | nominative singular | which. |
| च | ca | indeclinable | and. |
| अग्नौ | agnau | locative singular of agni (अग्नि) | in fire. |
| तत् | tat | accusative singular | that. |
| तेजः | tejaḥ | accusative of tejas (तेजस्) | light. The object of viddhi (विद्धि). |
| विद्धि | viddhi | imperative, 2nd singular of vid (विद्) | know. |
| मामकम् | māmakam | accusative singular | mine. From mama (मम), as māmakāḥ (मामकाः) was in 1.1. Agrees with tejaḥ (तेजः). |
The phrases
यत् आदित्यगतम् तेजः जगत् भासयते अखिलम् yat ādityagatam tejaḥ jagat bhāsayate akhilam is the light that lights the world from the sun. तेजः + जगत् tejaḥ + jagat is tejo jagat (तेजो जगत्). जगत् + भासयते jagat + bhāsayate is jagad bhāsayate (जगद्भासयते), t (त्) before a voiced sound becoming d (द्). भासयते + अखिलम् bhāsayate + akhilam is bhāsayate 'khilam (भासयतेऽखिलम्).
yat candramasi yat ca agnau (यत् चन्द्रमसि यत् च अग्नौ) adds two seats of the same light, the moon and fire. The word tejaḥ (तेजः) is said once and understood again. यत् + चन्द्रमसि yat + candramasi is yac candramasi (यच्चन्द्रमसि). यत् + च + अग्नौ yat + ca + agnau is यच्च अग्नौ yac cāgnau, and च + अग्नौ ca + agnau is cāgnau (चाग्नौ).
tat tejaḥ viddhi māmakam (तत् तेजः विद्धि मामकम्) is the command. Know that light as mine. तत् + तेजः tat + tejaḥ is tat tejaḥ (तत्तेजः), and तेजः + विद्धि tejaḥ + viddhi is tejo viddhi (तेजो विद्धि).
Sanskrit in this line
भासयते + अखिलम् bhāsayate + akhilam is recited bhāsayate 'khilam (भासयतेऽखिलम्). ए + अ e + a keeps the e (ए), and the lost a (अ) is marked by ऽ. In roman letters the mark is the apostrophe: bhāsayate 'khilam. The e (ए) of a verb ending is easy to mistake for the end of the sentence. akhilam (अखिलम्) is still there, agreeing with jagat (जगत्).
Say it back
Three seats of the light, and whose it is. If māmakam (मामकम्) is missed, the verse is only astronomy. Stay here.