15.20
इति गुह्यतमं शास्त्रम्
इदमुक्तं मयानघ ।
एतद्बुद्ध्वा बुद्धिमान्स्यात्
कृतकृत्यश्च भारत ॥
iti guhyatamaṃ śāstram idam uktaṃ mayānagha
etad buddhvā buddhimān syāt kṛtakṛtyaś ca bhārata
Kṛṣṇa (कृष्ण) closes the chapter, addressing Arjuna (अर्जुन) as anagha (अनघ) and as bhārata (भारत).
The verse
Thus this most secret teaching has been spoken by me, faultless one; having known this, one becomes a person of understanding and one whose work is done, descendant of Bharata (भरत).
नेपालीमा
यसरी यो सबैभन्दा गुप्त शिक्षा मैले भनेको छु, हे निर्दोष। यो जानेपछि मानिस बुझ्ने हुन्छ र जसको काम सकिएको छ त्यो हुन्छ, हे भरतवंशी।
Where it sits
The tree, the portion, and the supreme person are one teaching, and he calls it the most secret. Knowing it is not a further task piled on the hearer. The one who knows it is said to have done what was to be done. Chapter 16 will open on the divine endowment and the demonic.
Split: इति + गुह्य-तमम् + शास्त्रम् + इदम् + उक्तम् + मया + अनघ + एतत् + बुद्ध्वा + बुद्धिमान् + स्यात् + कृत-कृत्यः + च + भारत
iti + guhya-tamam + śāstram + idam + uktam + mayā + anagha + etat + buddhvā + buddhimān + syāt + kṛta-kṛtyaḥ + ca + bhārata
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| देवनागरी | Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|---|
| इति | iti | indeclinable | thus. It closes the teaching. |
| गुह्य-तमम् | guhya-tamam | nominative singular | most secret. guhya (गुह्य) is "to be hidden." --tama (तम) is the superlative. |
| शास्त्रम् | śāstram | nominative singular | teaching. The treatise, what is taught as a rule. |
| इदम् | idam | nominative singular | this. |
| उक्तम् | uktam | nominative singular, past participle of vac (वच्) | spoken. Said. |
| मया | mayā | instrumental of aham (अहम्) | by me. |
| अनघ | anagha | vocative | faultless one. a (अ) plus agha (अघ), fault. Arjuna (अर्जुन). |
| एतत् | etat | accusative singular | this. |
| बुद्ध्वा | buddhvā | gerund of budh (बुध्) | having known. Having woken to. |
| बुद्धिमान् | buddhimān | nominative singular of buddhimat (बुद्धिमत्) | a person of understanding. |
| स्यात् | syāt | optative, 3rd singular of as (अस्) | he would be. He becomes. |
| कृत-कृत्यः | kṛta-kṛtyaḥ | nominative singular, bahuvrīhi (बहुव्रीहि) | one whose work is done. kṛtya (कृत्य) is what is to be done. kṛta (कृत) is "done." |
| च | ca | indeclinable | and. |
| भारत | bhārata | vocative | descendant of Bharata (भरत). |
The phrases
इति गुह्यतमम् शास्त्रम् इदम् उक्तम् मया अनघ iti guhyatamam śāstram idam uktam mayā anagha closes the speech. Thus this most secret teaching has been spoken by me, faultless one. शास्त्रम् + इदम् śāstram + idam is recited śāstram idam (शास्त्रमिदम्) when the quarters are joined. इदम् + उक्तम् idam + uktam is idam uktam (इदमुक्तम्). मया + अनघ mayā + anagha is mayānagha (मयानघ).
etat buddhvā buddhimān syāt kṛtakṛtyaḥ ca (एतत् बुद्ध्वा बुद्धिमान् स्यात् कृतकृत्यः च) is the fruit. Having known this, one would be a person of understanding, and one whose work is done. एतत् + बुद्ध्वा etat + buddhvā is etad buddhvā (एतद्बुद्ध्वा). बुद्धिमान् + स्यात् buddhimān + syāt is buddhimān syāt (बुद्धिमान्स्यात्). कृतकृत्यः + च kṛtakṛtyaḥ + ca is kṛtakṛtyaś ca (कृतकृत्यश् च).
Sanskrit in this line
guhya-tamam (गुह्य-तमम्) is a superlative. --tara (तर) would be "more hidden." --tama (तम) is "most." The word agrees with śāstram (शास्त्रम्). buddhvā (बुद्ध्वा) is the gerund of budh (बुध्) with no prefix, so --tvā (त्वा): बुध् + त्वा budh + tvā meets as buddhvā (बुद्ध्वा). The subject of the gerund is the unnamed subject of syāt (स्यात्).
Say it back
What has been spoken, and what the one who knows it has become. If kṛta-kṛtyaḥ (कृत-कृत्यः) is said as a new list of duties, stay here. The work is already done.