16.6
द्वौ भूतसर्गौ लोकेऽस्मिन्दैव आसुर एव च ।
दैवो विस्तरशः प्रोक्त आसुरं पार्थ मे शृणु ॥
dvau bhūtasargau loke 'smin daiva āsura eva ca
daivo vistaraśaḥ prokta āsuraṃ pārtha me śṛṇu
Kṛṣṇa (कृष्ण) marks the turn from the list already given to the portrait he is about to give.
The verse
Two creations of beings are in this world, the divine and the demonic, and the divine has been declared at length, so hear of the demonic from me, Pārtha (पार्थ).
नेपालीमा
यस संसारमा प्राणीका दुई सृष्टि छन्, दैवी र आसुरी, र दैवी विस्तारले भनिसकियो, त्यसैले आसुरीको कुरा मबाट सुन, हे पार्थ।
Where it sits
The naming is over, and what follows is the demonic creation he just asked Arjuna to hear. The divine side will not be listed again.
Split: द्वौ + भूत-सर्गौ + लोके + अस्मिन् + दैवः + आसुरः + एव + च + दैवः + विस्तरशः + प्रोक्तः + आसुरम् + पार्थ + मे + शृणु
dvau + bhūta-sargau + loke + asmin + daivaḥ + āsuraḥ + eva + ca + daivaḥ + vistaraśaḥ + proktaḥ + āsuram + pārtha + me + śṛṇu
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| देवनागरी | Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|---|
| द्वौ | dvau | nominative dual | two. |
| भूत-सर्गौ | bhūta-sargau | nominative dual | two creations of beings. sarga (सर्ग) is a letting-forth of creatures. |
| लोके | loke | locative singular | in the world. |
| अस्मिन् | asmin | locative singular of idam (इदम्) | in this. Agrees with loke (लोके). |
| दैवः | daivaḥ | nominative singular | the divine one. One of the two creations. |
| आसुरः | āsuraḥ | nominative singular | the demonic one. The other creation. |
| एव | eva | indeclinable | indeed. |
| च | ca | indeclinable | and. |
| दैवः | daivaḥ | nominative singular | the divine one. Subject of proktaḥ (प्रोक्तः). |
| विस्तरशः | vistaraśaḥ | indeclinable | at length. In detail. vistara (विस्तर) "a spread," with the adverbial --śas (शस्). |
| प्रोक्तः | proktaḥ | nominative singular | declared. Spoken. From pra-vac (प्र-वच्). Agrees with daivaḥ (दैवः). |
| आसुरम् | āsuram | accusative singular | the demonic one. Object of śṛṇu (शृणु). |
| पार्थ | pārtha | vocative | Pārtha (पार्थ). |
| मे | me | genitive enclitic | from me. Of me. |
| शृणु | śṛṇu | imperative, 2nd singular of śru (श्रु) | hear. |
The phrases
dvau bhūta-sargau loke asmin daivaḥ āsuraḥ eva ca (द्वौ भूत-सर्गौ लोके अस्मिन् दैवः आसुरः एव च) sets the two kinds in this world. The dual is bhūta-sargau (भूत-सर्गौ). daivaḥ (दैवः) and āsuraḥ (आसुरः) name the two, one each.
daivaḥ vistaraśaḥ proktaḥ āsuram pārtha me śṛṇu (दैवः विस्तरशः प्रोक्तः आसुरम् पार्थ मे शृणु) is the hinge. The divine creation has been declared at length, in the list just closed. The accusative āsuram (आसुरम्) is what he is now to hear.
Sanskrit in this line
लोके + अस्मिन् loke + asmin is recited loke 'smin (लोकेऽस्मिन्). ए + अ e + a keeps the e (ए), and the lost a (अ) is the avagraha. दैवः + आसुरः daivaḥ + āsuraḥ is a different join: aḥ (अः) before a vowel other than short a (अ) drops, and the short a (अ) of daiva (दैव) stays, so the line is daiva āsura (दैव आसुर), with no avagraha and no o (ओ).
Say it back
Cover the English. Say which creation has been spoken and which one he must now hear. If āsuram (आसुरम्) is recited as a nominative beside daivaḥ (दैवः), the command has lost its object.