16.23
यः शास्त्रविधिमुत्सृज्य वर्तते कामकारतः ।
न स सिद्धिमवाप्नोति न सुखं न परां गतिम् ॥
yaḥ śāstravidhim utsṛjya vartate kāmakārataḥ
na sa siddhim avāpnoti na sukhaṃ na parāṃ gatim
Kṛṣṇa (कृष्ण) sets the man who throws the rule aside against the man of 16.22.
The verse
Who casts aside the rule of the śāstra (शास्त्र) and proceeds as desire drives him does not obtain success, nor happiness, nor the highest course.
नेपालीमा
जसले शास्त्रको नियम फ्याँक्छ र इच्छाले चलाएजस्तै अघि बढ्छ, उसले न सिद्धि पाउँछ, न सुख, न सर्वोच्च गति।
Where it sits
16.22 gave the highest course to the man freed from the three gates, and this verse refuses that course, with success and happiness, to the man who drops the rule and follows desire. The rule itself is about to be named as the measure.
Split: यः + शास्त्र-विधिम् + उत्सृज्य + वर्तते + काम-कारतः + न + सः + सिद्धिम् + अवाप्नोति + न + सुखम् + न + पराम् + गतिम्
yaḥ + śāstra-vidhim + utsṛjya + vartate + kāma-kārataḥ + na + saḥ + siddhim + avāpnoti + na + sukham + na + parām + gatim
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| देवनागरी | Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|---|
| यः | yaḥ | nominative singular | who. |
| शास्त्र-विधिम् | śāstra-vidhim | accusative singular | the rule of the śāstra (शास्त्र). The ordinance of the teaching. |
| उत्सृज्य | utsṛjya | gerund of ut-sṛj (उत्-सृज्) | having cast aside. Having thrown off. |
| वर्तते | vartate | present, 3rd singular middle of vṛt (वृत्) | he proceeds. He conducts himself. |
| काम-कारतः | kāma-kārataḥ | indeclinable | from the doing of desire. As desire drives the act. kārataḥ (कारतः) is an ablative adverb, "from making." |
| न | na | indeclinable | not. |
| सः | saḥ | nominative singular | he. The correlative of yaḥ (यः). |
| सिद्धिम् | siddhim | accusative singular | success. Arrival. Accomplishment. |
| अवाप्नोति | avāpnoti | present, 3rd singular of अव-आप ava-āp | he obtains. |
| न | na | indeclinable | not. |
| सुखम् | sukham | accusative singular neuter | happiness. Ease. |
| न | na | indeclinable | not. |
| पराम् | parām | accusative singular feminine | highest. Agrees with gatim (गतिम्). |
| गतिम् | gatim | accusative singular | course. The same parām gatim (पराम् गतिम्) as in 16.22. |
The phrases
यः शास्त्र-विधिम् उत्सृज्य वर्तते काम-कारतः yaḥ śāstra-vidhim utsṛjya vartate kāma-kārataḥ is the one who. He throws aside the rule of the teaching and proceeds as desire makes him act. kāma (काम) is back, here as the driver of conduct once the rule is gone.
न सः सिद्धिम् अवाप्नोति न सुखम् न पराम् गतिम् na saḥ siddhim avāpnoti na sukham na parām gatim is what he does not obtain. Three objects, three na (न): not success, not happiness, not the highest course. yaḥ (यः) and saḥ (सः) are the pair, "who" and "he."
Sanskrit in this line
saḥ (सः) before siddhim (सिद्धिम्) is recited sa (स). The visarga drops, and it does not become so (सो). That is a habit of this pronoun, and of eṣaḥ (एषः) with it. yaḥ (यः) at the front of the line is not that pronoun: before śāstra (शास्त्र) the visarga stays, yaḥ śāstra (यः शास्त्र). Do not strip both.
Say it back
Cover the English. Say what he casts aside and the three things he does not obtain. If parām gatim (पराम् गतिम्) is the only loss named, success and happiness have been left out.