16.24
तस्माच्छास्त्रं प्रमाणं ते कार्याकार्यव्यवस्थितौ ।
ज्ञात्वा शास्त्रविधानोक्तं कर्म कर्तुमिहार्हसि ॥
tasmāc chāstraṃ pramāṇaṃ te kāryākāryavyavasthitau
jñātvā śāstravidhānoktaṃ karma kartum ihārhasi
Kṛṣṇa (कृष्ण) closes the chapter on the measure Arjuna is to use.
The verse
Therefore the śāstra (शास्त्र) is your measure in settling what is to be done and what is to be left, and, knowing the action its ordinance has spoken, you should do action here.
नेपालीमा
त्यसैले के गर्ने र के छोड्ने छुट्याउन शास्त्र नै तिम्रो मापदण्ड हो। त्यसको विधानले भनेको कर्म जानेर तिमीले यहाँ कर्म गर्नुपर्छ।
Where it sits
The chapter ends on the śāstra (शास्त्र) as the measure for what to do and what to leave, and on the command to do the action it names. Arjuna has not spoken in this chapter.
Split: तस्मात् + शास्त्रम् + प्रमाणम् + ते + कार्य-अकार्य-व्यवस्थितौ + ज्ञात्वा + शास्त्र-विधान-उक्तम् + कर्म + कर्तुम् + इह + अर्हसि
tasmāt + śāstram + pramāṇam + te + kārya-akārya-vyavasthitau + jñātvā + śāstra-vidhāna-uktam + karma + kartum + iha + arhasi
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| देवनागरी | Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|---|
| तस्मात् | tasmāt | ablative singular | therefore. From that. |
| शास्त्रम् | śāstram | nominative singular neuter | the śāstra (शास्त्र). The teaching. The treated measure of conduct. |
| प्रमाणम् | pramāṇam | nominative singular neuter | the measure. The authority one measures by. |
| ते | te | dative enclitic | for you. Your. |
| कार्य-अकार्य-व्यवस्थितौ | kārya-akārya-vyavasthitau | locative singular of vyavasthiti (व्यवस्थिति) | in the settling of what is to be done and what is not to be done. kārya (कार्य) "to be done," akārya (अकार्य) "not to be done." |
| ज्ञात्वा | jñātvā | gerund of jñā (ज्ञा) | having known. |
| शास्त्र-विधान-उक्तम् | śāstra-vidhāna-uktam | accusative singular neuter | said by the ordinance of the śāstra (शास्त्र). Agrees with karma (कर्म). vidhāna (विधान) is the laying-down. |
| कर्म | karma | accusative singular of karman (कर्मन्) | action. |
| कर्तुम् | kartum | infinitive of kṛ (कृ) | to do. |
| इह | iha | indeclinable | here. In this world. |
| अर्हसि | arhasi | present, 2nd singular of अर्ह arh | you ought. You should. |
The phrases
tasmāt śāstram pramāṇam te kārya-akārya-vyavasthitau (तस्मात् शास्त्रम् प्रमाणम् ते कार्य-अकार्य-व्यवस्थितौ) is the measure. Therefore the teaching is the measure for you, in the settling of what to do and what to leave. The locative is the place where that measure is used. It is not a second subject.
ज्ञात्वा शास्त्र-विधान-उक्तम् कर्म कर्तुम् इह अर्हसि jñātvā śāstra-vidhāna-uktam karma kartum iha arhasi is the command. Having known the action the ordinance has spoken, you should do it here. arhasi (अर्हसि) is second person, aimed at Arjuna. jñātvā (ज्ञात्वा) does not show person. The person is his.
Sanskrit in this line
तस्मात् + शास्त्रम् tasmāt + śāstram is recited tasmāc chāstram (तस्माच्छास्त्रम्). त् + श् t + ś becomes cch (च्छ्). You hear cch (च्छ्), and tasmāt (तस्मात्), "therefore," is inside it. The same change is the one that makes yat śreyaḥ (यत् श्रेयः) into yac chreyaḥ (यच्छ्रेयः).
Say it back
Cover the English. Say what the measure is, and the two things it settles. If kārya (कार्य) is kept and akārya (अकार्य) is dropped, the measure has only half its work.