17.7
आहारस्त्वपि सर्वस्य त्रिविधो भवति प्रियः ।
यज्ञस्तपस्तथा दानं तेषां भेदमिमं शृणु ॥
āhāras tv api sarvasya trividho bhavati priyaḥ
yajñas tapas tathā dānaṃ teṣāṃ bhedam imaṃ śṛṇu
śrībhagavān (श्रीभगवान्) is still speaking. He opens a new list.
The verse
Food, too, the food dear to anyone, is of three kinds; hear this distinction of sacrifice, austerity, and gift.
नेपालीमा
खाना पनि, जसलाई जुन खाना प्यारो हुन्छ, त्यो तीन किसिमको हुन्छ। यज्ञ, तप र दानको यो भेद सुन।
Where it sits
Faith and worship have been sorted. He widens the same three strands to what a person likes to eat, and he warns that sacrifice, austerity, and gift will be distinguished the same way. The next three verses are only the food.
Split: आहारः + तु + अपि + सर्वस्य + त्रि-विधः + भवति + प्रियः + यज्ञः + तपः + तथा + दानम् + तेषाम् + भेदम् + इमम् + शृणु
āhāraḥ + tu + api + sarvasya + tri-vidhaḥ + bhavati + priyaḥ + yajñaḥ + tapaḥ + tathā + dānam + teṣām + bhedam + imam + śṛṇu
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| देवनागरी | Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|---|
| आहारः | āhāraḥ | nominative singular | food. |
| तु | tu | indeclinable | and. |
| अपि | api | indeclinable | also. |
| सर्वस्य | sarvasya | genitive singular | of every person. |
| त्रि-विधः | tri-vidhaḥ | nominative singular masculine | of three kinds. Agrees with āhāraḥ (आहारः). |
| भवति | bhavati | present, 3rd singular | is. |
| प्रियः | priyaḥ | nominative singular masculine | dear. The food one likes. Agrees with āhāraḥ (आहारः). |
| यज्ञः | yajñaḥ | nominative singular | sacrifice. |
| तपः | tapaḥ | nominative singular | austerity. |
| तथा | tathā | indeclinable | so also. |
| दानम् | dānam | nominative singular | gift. |
| तेषाम् | teṣām | genitive plural | of them. Of sacrifice, austerity, and gift. |
| भेदम् | bhedam | accusative singular | the distinction. |
| इमम् | imam | accusative singular masculine | this. Agrees with bhedam (भेदम्). |
| शृणु | śṛṇu | imperative, 2nd singular | hear. |
The phrases
āhāraḥ tu api sarvasya trividhaḥ bhavati priyaḥ (आहारः तु अपि सर्वस्य त्रिविधः भवति प्रियः) puts food on the same table as faith. The food that is dear to any person is of three kinds. priyaḥ (प्रियः) agrees with āhāraḥ (आहारः). The dearness is not a separate subject.
yajñaḥ tapaḥ tathā dānam (यज्ञः तपः तथा दानम्) is the other list, named before it is sorted. Sacrifice, austerity, and gift.
तेषाम् भेदम् इमम् शृणु teṣām bhedam imam śṛṇu is the command. Hear this distinction of them. Food is heard first, in 17.8 through 17.10. The three acts wait.
Sanskrit in this line
आहारः + तु + अपि āhāraḥ + tu + api is recited āhāras tv api (आहारस्त्वपि). First aḥ (अः) before voiceless t (त्) becomes s (स्): āhāras tu (आहारस् तु). Then उ + अ u + a becomes va (व): तु + अपि tu + api is tv api (त्वपि). Two sandhis, and api (अपि) is still the small word "also."
Say it back
Food of three kinds, then the three acts he has not yet sorted. If āhāraḥ (आहारः) is left out and only sacrifice, austerity, and gift remain, stay here.