17.9
कट्वम्ललवणात्युष्णतीक्ष्णरूक्षविदाहिनः ।
आहारा राजसस्येष्टा दुःखशोकामयप्रदाः ॥
kaṭvamlalavaṇātyuṣṇatīkṣṇarūkṣavidāhinaḥ
āhārā rājasasyeṣṭā duḥkhaśokāmayapradāḥ
śrībhagavān (श्रीभगवान्) is still speaking. This is the food of the driving strand.
The verse
Foods that are pungent, sour, salty, very hot, sharp, dry, and burning, and that give pain, sorrow, and sickness, are what the person of रजस् likes.
नेपालीमा
पिरो, अमिलो, नुनिलो, अति तातो, तिखो, रूखो र पोल्ने खाना, जसले पीडा, शोक र रोग दिन्छन्, रजस् भएको मानिसलाई मन पर्छन्।
Where it sits
The second food. The clear food grew life and pleased the heart. This one is liked for its bite, and it pays in pain. The dark meal is still to come, and it will be known by staleness rather than by heat.
Split: कटु-अम्ल-लवण-अति-उष्ण-तीक्ष्ण-रूक्ष-विदाहिनः + आहाराः + राजसस्य + इष्टाः + दुःख-शोक-आमय-प्रदाः
kaṭu-amla-lavaṇa-ati-uṣṇa-tīkṣṇa-rūkṣa-vidāhinaḥ + āhārāḥ + rājasasya + iṣṭāḥ + duḥkha-śoka-āmaya-pradāḥ
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| देवनागरी | Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|---|
| कटु-अम्ल-लवण-अति-उष्ण-तीक्ष्ण-रूक्ष-विदाहिनः | kaṭu-amla-lavaṇa-ati-uṣṇa-tīkṣṇa-rūkṣa-vidāhinaḥ | nominative plural | pungent, sour, salty, very hot, sharp, dry, and burning. vidāhin (विदाहिन्) "burning." Agrees with āhārāḥ (आहाराः). |
| आहाराः | āhārāḥ | nominative plural | foods. |
| राजसस्य | rājasasya | genitive singular | of the person of rajas (रजस्). |
| इष्टाः | iṣṭāḥ | nominative plural | desired, liked. From iṣ (इष्). Agrees with āhārāḥ (आहाराः). |
| दुःख-शोक-आमय-प्रदाः | duḥkha-śoka-āmaya-pradāḥ | nominative plural | giving pain, sorrow, and sickness. prada (प्रद) "giving." āmaya (आमय) is disease. |
The phrases
कटुअम्ललवणात्युष्णतीक्ष्णरूक्षविदाहिनः kaṭvamlalavaṇātyuṣṇatīkṣṇarūkṣavidāhinaḥ is the taste. Pungent, sour, salty, over-hot, sharp, dry, burning. One plural, seven qualities, agreeing with the foods.
āhārāḥ rājasasya iṣṭāḥ (आहाराः राजसस्य इष्टाः) is whose food it is. Desired by the person of the driving strand. rājasasya (राजसस्य) is one person, genitive singular. 17.8 said the clear foods were dear to the clear people, in a compound. Here the liking is a genitive beside iṣṭāḥ (इष्टाः).
duḥkhaśokāmayapradāḥ (दुःखशोकामयप्रदाः) is what that food gives back. Pain, sorrow, sickness. The same foods are both desired and costly.
Sanskrit in this line
राजसस्य + इष्टाः rājasasya + iṣṭāḥ is recited rājasasyeṣṭā (राजसस्येष्टा). अ + इ a + i becomes e (ए). The genitive ending and the word "desired" are one sound. Split them, or iṣṭāḥ (इष्टाः) disappears into the name of the strand.
Say it back
The burning tastes, then who likes them, then the three things the food gives. If duḥkha (दुःख) is replaced by the ease of 17.8, stay here.