17.19
मूढग्राहेणात्मनो यत्पीडया क्रियते तपः ।
परस्योत्सादनार्थं वा तत्तामसमुदाहृतम् ॥
mūḍhagrāheṇātmano yat pīḍayā kriyate tapaḥ
parasyotsādanārthaṃ vā tat tāmasam udāhṛtam
śrībhagavān (श्रीभगवान्) is still speaking. This is the austerity of the dark strand.
The verse
Austerity done with a deluded grasping, by torment of oneself, or in order to ruin another, is declared to be of तमस्.
नेपालीमा
मूढ हठले, आफैंलाई पीडा दिएर, वा अर्कालाई नाश गर्न गरिएको तप तमस्को भनिन्छ।
Where it sits
The three austerities are complete. Clear: faith, no fruit, yoked, across body, speech, and mind. Driving: honor and show, unsteady. Dark: a foolish grip that hurts oneself, or that is done to destroy someone else. Gift begins at 17.20, on the same three strands.
Split: मूढ-ग्राहेण + आत्मनः + यत् + पीडया + क्रियते + तपः + परस्य + उत्सादन-अर्थम् + वा + तत् + तामसम् + उदाहृतम्
mūḍha-grāheṇa + ātmanaḥ + yat + pīḍayā + kriyate + tapaḥ + parasya + utsādana-artham + vā + tat + tāmasam + udāhṛtam
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| देवनागरी | Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|---|
| मूढ-ग्राहेण | mūḍha-grāheṇa | instrumental singular | with a deluded grasping. mūḍha (मूढ) "deluded," grāha (ग्राह) "seizing." |
| आत्मनः | ātmanaḥ | genitive singular | of oneself. ātman (आत्मन्). It depends on pīḍayā (पीडया). |
| यत् | yat | nominative singular neuter | which. |
| पीडया | pīḍayā | instrumental singular | by pain, by torment. pīḍā (पीडा). |
| क्रियते | kriyate | present passive, 3rd singular | is done. |
| तपः | tapaḥ | nominative singular | austerity. |
| परस्य | parasya | genitive singular | of another. |
| उत्सादन-अर्थम् | utsādana-artham | accusative singular | for the sake of destruction. utsādana (उत्सादन) "ruining." |
| वा | vā | indeclinable | or. |
| तत् | tat | nominative singular neuter | that. |
| तामसम् | tāmasam | nominative singular neuter | of the dark strand. |
| उदाहृतम् | udāhṛtam | nominative singular neuter | declared. ut (उत्) and ā (आ) with hṛta (हृत) "said." |
The phrases
mūḍhagrāheṇa ātmanaḥ yat pīḍayā kriyate tapaḥ (मूढग्राहेण आत्मनः यत् पीडया क्रियते तपः) is austerity done by torment of oneself, with a deluded grasp. yat (यत्) is the relative, tapaḥ (तपः) is its noun, and the two instrumentals are the manner. The genitive ātmanaḥ (आत्मनः) belongs to the pain: pain of the self.
parasya utsādanārtham vā (परस्य उत्सादनार्थम् वा) is the other aim. Or for the sake of ruining another. vā (वा) makes the self-torment and the harming of someone else two ways into the same class.
तत् तामसम् उदाहृतम् tat tāmasam udāhṛtam declares it. That is called the dark austerity.
Sanskrit in this line
परस्य + उत्सादनार्थम् parasya + utsādanārtham is recited parasyotsādanārtham (परस्योत्सादनार्थम्). अ + उ a + u becomes o (ओ). The u (उ) of utsādana (उत्सादन) is inside that o (ओ). Split it out, or "destruction" is no longer in the line. आत्मनः + यत् ātmanaḥ + yat is the other visarga here: ātmano yat (आत्मनो यत्), aḥ (अः) before y (य्) becoming o (ओ).
Say it back
Torment of oneself, or ruin of another. If parasya (परस्य) drops out, the verse is only self-harm, and this line says both. Stay here.