17.21
यत्तु प्रत्युपकारार्थं फलमुद्दिश्य वा पुनः ।
दीयते च परिक्लिष्टं तद्दानं राजसं स्मृतम् ॥
yat tu pratyupakārārthaṃ phalam uddiśya vā punaḥ
dīyate ca parikliṣṭaṃ tad dānaṃ rājasaṃ smṛtam
śrībhagavān (श्रीभगवान्) is still speaking. This is the gift of the driving strand.
The verse
The gift given so as to be repaid, or with a fruit aimed at, and given with strain, is remembered as the gift of रजस्.
नेपालीमा
फिर्ता पाउने गरी, वा फललाई लक्ष्य राखेर, र कष्टसँग दिइएको दान रजस्को दान भनी सम्झिन्छन्।
Where it sits
The clear gift went to someone who would not repay, in the right place and time, to a worthy person. This one is given in order to be repaid, or for a fruit, and it is given grudgingly. The dark gift will be careless of place, time, and person, and contemptuous.
Split: यत् + तु + प्रति-उपकार-अर्थम् + फलम् + उद्दिश्य + वा + पुनः + दीयते + च + परिक्लिष्टम् + तत् + दानम् + राजसम् + स्मृतम्
yat + tu + prati-upakāra-artham + phalam + uddiśya + vā + punaḥ + dīyate + ca + parikliṣṭam + tat + dānam + rājasam + smṛtam
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| देवनागरी | Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|---|
| यत् | yat | nominative singular neuter | which. |
| तु | tu | indeclinable | but. |
| प्रति-उपकार-अर्थम् | prati-upakāra-artham | accusative singular | for the sake of a favor in return. prati (प्रति) "back," upakāra (उपकार) "help." |
| फलम् | phalam | accusative singular | a fruit. |
| उद्दिश्य | uddiśya | gerund | having aimed at. ut (उत्) with diś (दिश्). |
| वा | vā | indeclinable | or. |
| पुनः | punaḥ | indeclinable | further, again. |
| दीयते | dīyate | present passive, 3rd singular | is given. |
| च | ca | indeclinable | and. |
| परिक्लिष्टम् | parikliṣṭam | nominative singular neuter | given with strain, grudgingly. pari (परि) with kliṣṭa (क्लिष्ट) "afflicted." Agrees with dānam (दानम्). |
| तत् | tat | nominative singular neuter | that. |
| दानम् | dānam | nominative singular | gift. |
| राजसम् | rājasam | nominative singular neuter | of the driving strand. |
| स्मृतम् | smṛtam | nominative singular neuter | remembered. |
The phrases
यत् तु प्रत्युपकारार्थम् फलम् उद्दिश्य वा पुनः दीयते yat tu pratyupakārārtham phalam uddiśya vā punaḥ dīyate is the gift with a return in it. For the sake of being paid back, or with a fruit aimed at. vā (वा) sets the return-favor and the fruit as alternatives. punaḥ (पुनः) carries the sentence on to the manner.
dīyate ca parikliṣṭam (दीयते च परिक्लिष्टम्) is that manner. And it is given with strain. The clear gift was simply "to be given." This one hurts the giver on the way out.
tat dānam rājasam smṛtam (तत् दानम् राजसम् स्मृतम्) is the same frame as 17.20. That gift is remembered as the driving one.
Sanskrit in this line
प्रति + उपकार prati + upakāra is recited pratyupakāra (प्रत्युपकार). इ + उ i + u becomes yu (यु). The prefix prati (प्रति) "back" is the whole point of the compound, and it is hidden in the y (य्). Split pratyupakāra (प्रत्युपकार) into prati-upakāra (प्रति-उपकार) before you say what the gift is for.
Say it back
A return, or a fruit, and strain. If anupakāriṇe (अनुपकारिणे) is the recipient you name, you have gone back to 17.20.