17.22
अदेशकाले यद्दानमपात्रेभ्यश्च दीयते ।
असत्कृतमवज्ञातं तत्तामसमुदाहृतम् ॥
adeśakāle yad dānam apātrebhyaś ca dīyate
asatkṛtam avajñātaṃ tat tāmasam udāhṛtam
śrībhagavān (श्रीभगवान्) is still speaking. This is the gift of the dark strand.
The verse
The gift given in the wrong place and at the wrong time, and to unfit people, without honor and with contempt, is declared to be of तमस्.
नेपालीमा
अयोग्य ठाउँमा र अयोग्य समयमा, अयोग्य मानिसलाई, मान नदिई र हेला गरेर दिइएको दान तमस्को भनिन्छ।
Where it sits
The three gifts are complete, and with them the bheda (भेद) promised in 17.7. Sacrifice, austerity, and gift have each been clear, driving, and dark. What remains is the triple name that those acts are offered under, and the rule about doing them without faith.
Split: अ-देश-काले + यत् + दानम् + अपात्रेभ्यः + च + दीयते + असत्-कृतम् + अवज्ञातम् + तत् + तामसम् + उदाहृतम्
a-deśa-kāle + yat + dānam + apātrebhyaḥ + ca + dīyate + asat-kṛtam + avajñātam + tat + tāmasam + udāhṛtam
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| देवनागरी | Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|---|
| अ-देश-काले | a-deśa-kāle | locative singular | in the wrong place and at the wrong time. One a- (अ-) reverses both deśa (देश) and kāla (काल). One locative for the pair. |
| यत् | yat | nominative singular neuter | which. |
| दानम् | dānam | nominative singular | gift. |
| अपात्रेभ्यः | apātrebhyaḥ | dative plural | to unfit people. a-pātra (अ-पात्र) "not a vessel," the unworthy recipient. --bhyaḥ (भ्यः) is the dative plural. |
| च | ca | indeclinable | and. |
| दीयते | dīyate | present passive, 3rd singular | is given. |
| असत्-कृतम् | asat-kṛtam | nominative singular neuter | done without honor. asat (असत्) with kṛta (कृत) "made, treated." |
| अवज्ञातम् | avajñātam | nominative singular neuter | given with contempt. ava (अव) "down," jñā (ज्ञा) "to know, to regard." |
| तत् | tat | nominative singular neuter | that. |
| तामसम् | tāmasam | nominative singular neuter | of the dark strand. |
| उदाहृतम् | udāhṛtam | nominative singular neuter | declared. As in 17.19. |
The phrases
अदेशकाले यत् दानम् अपात्रेभ्यः च दीयते adeśakāle yat dānam apātrebhyaḥ ca dīyate undoes the three locatives of 17.20. Wrong place and wrong time, in one locative, and the recipients are unfit. The dative plural is "to" those people.
असत्कृतम् अवज्ञातम् asatkṛtam avajñātam is the manner. Without the honor that sat (सत्) names, and with contempt. Both agree with the gift.
तत् तामसम् उदाहृतम् tat tāmasam udāhṛtam declares it, the same close as the dark austerity. That gift is the dark one.
Sanskrit in this line
अपात्रेभ्यः + च apātrebhyaḥ + ca is recited apātrebhyaś ca (अपात्रेभ्यश्च). aḥ (अः) before c (च्) becomes ś (श्). The ending --bhyaḥ (भ्यः) is still the dative plural. The ś (श्) is the visarga meeting c (च्), the same meeting as pāṇḍavāḥ ca (पाण्डवाः च) in 1.1, here on a dative.
Say it back
Wrong place and time, unfit people, no honor, contempt. If deśe kāle pātre (देशे काले पात्रे) are the right ones, you are in 17.20.