17.28
अश्रद्धया हुतं दत्तं तपस्तप्तं कृतं च यत् ।
असदित्युच्यते पार्थ न च तत्प्रेत्य नो इह ॥
aśraddhayā hutaṃ dattaṃ tapas taptaṃ kṛtaṃ ca yat
asad ity ucyate pārtha na ca tat pretya no iha
śrībhagavān (श्रीभगवान्) is still speaking. The chapter closes on the act without faith.
The verse
Whatever is offered, given, undergone as austerity, or done without faith is called असत्, Pārtha (पार्थ), and that is not so after death, and not here.
नेपालीमा
हे पार्थ, श्रद्धा बिना जे चढाइन्छ, जे दिइन्छ, जे तपका रूपमा भोगिन्छ, वा जे गरिन्छ, त्यसलाई असत् भनिन्छ, र त्यो मरेपछि पनि होइन, यहाँ पनि होइन।
Where it sits
The chapter asked what faith is worth when the ordinance has been set aside. The answer sorted faith, food, sacrifice, austerity, and gift by the three strands, then gave oṃ tat sat (ॐ तत् सत्) as the pointer the acts are said under. The last word is the act with no faith at all. It is asat (असत्). It holds neither after death nor here.
Split: अ-श्रद्धया + हुतम् + दत्तम् + तपः + तप्तम् + कृतम् + च + यत् + असत् + इति + उच्यते + पार्थ + न + च + तत् + प्रेत्य + न + उ + इह
a-śraddhayā + hutam + dattam + tapaḥ + taptam + kṛtam + ca + yat + asat + iti + ucyate + pārtha + na + ca + tat + pretya + na + u + iha
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| देवनागरी | Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|---|
| अ-श्रद्धया | a-śraddhayā | instrumental singular | with non-faith, without faith. The a- (अ-) reverses śraddhā (श्रद्धा). |
| हुतम् | hutam | nominative singular neuter | offered into the fire. From hu (हु). |
| दत्तम् | dattam | nominative singular neuter | given. From dā (दा). |
| तपः | tapaḥ | nominative singular | austerity. |
| तप्तम् | taptam | nominative singular neuter | undergone, practiced. From tap (तप्). |
| कृतम् | kṛtam | nominative singular neuter | done. From kṛ (कृ). |
| च | ca | indeclinable | and. |
| यत् | yat | nominative singular neuter | which, whatever. |
| असत् | asat | nominative singular neuter | asat (असत्), not-being, not the sat (सत्) of 17.26. |
| इति | iti | indeclinable | thus. |
| उच्यते | ucyate | present passive, 3rd singular | is called. |
| पार्थ | pārtha | vocative | Pārtha (पार्थ). |
| न | na | indeclinable | not. |
| च | ca | indeclinable | and. |
| तत् | tat | nominative singular neuter | that. The act done without faith. |
| प्रेत्य | pretya | gerund | after dying, having gone forth. pra (प्र) with i (इ). |
| न | na | indeclinable | not. |
| उ | u | indeclinable | and. A small joining particle. With na (न) it is recited no (नो). |
| इह | iha | indeclinable | here. |
The phrases
aśraddhayā hutam dattam tapaḥ taptam kṛtam ca yat (अश्रद्धया हुतम् दत्तम् तपः तप्तम् कृतम् च यत्) is whatever is done with no faith. Offered, given, undergone as austerity, and done. yat (यत्) is the relative for all four. The instrumental aśraddhayā (अश्रद्धया) covers the whole list.
असत् इति उच्यते पार्थ asat iti ucyate pārtha names it. It is called asat (असत्), Pārtha (पार्थ). The sat (सत्) of the last two verses is reversed by the same a- (अ-) that reversed the faith.
na ca tat pretya na u iha (न च तत् प्रेत्य न उ इह) is where that act comes to nothing. And that is not so after death, and not here. The "is" is unstated. pretya (प्रेत्य) is the gerund used as "after dying." no (नो) is न + उ na + u, "and not," and iha (इह) is its own word, "here."
Sanskrit in this line
असत् + इति + उच्यते asat + iti + ucyate is recited asad ity ucyate (असदित्युच्यते). t (त्) before i (इ) is written d (द्), as सत् + इति sat + iti was sad iti (सदिति) in 17.23. Then इ + उ i + u becomes yu (यु). The word you have to recover is asat (असत्). Beside it, तपः + तप्तम् tapaḥ + taptam is tapas taptam (तपस्तप्तम्): the noun tapas (तपस्) and the participle tapta (तप्त), visarga before t (त्) becoming s (स्).
Say it back
Without faith: offered, given, undergone, done, called asat (असत्), neither after death nor here. If that act is called sat (सत्), stay here.