18.2
श्रीभगवानुवाच
काम्यानां कर्मणां न्यासं
संन्यासं कवयो विदुः ।
सर्वकर्मफलत्यागं
प्राहुस्त्यागं विचक्षणाः ॥
śrībhagavān uvāca
kāmyānāṃ karmaṇāṃ nyāsaṃ saṃnyāsaṃ kavayo viduḥ
sarvakarmaphalatyāgaṃ prāhus tyāgaṃ vicakṣaṇāḥ
Śrī Bhagavān (श्रीभगवान्) is speaking, to Arjuna (अर्जुन). The n (न्) of bhagavān (भगवान्) joins uvāca (उवाच), so the line is recited śrībhagavānuvāca (श्रीभगवानुवाच). It stands outside the meter. The speaker is Kṛṣṇa (कृष्ण).
The verse
Kṛṣṇa (कृष्ण) said: The poets know renunciation as the laying down of actions done from a wish, and the discerning call relinquishment the giving up of the fruit of every action.
नेपालीमा
कृष्णले भने, कविहरूले इच्छाबाट गरिएका कर्म थन्काउनुलाई संन्यास भनेर जान्छन्, र विवेकीहरूले हरेक कर्मको फल छोड्नुलाई त्याग भन्छन्।
Where it sits
18.1 asked for the two apart, and this verse gives the names: saṃnyāsa (संन्यास) aimed at the wished-for act, tyāga (त्याग) aimed at the fruit. He has not yet said which he praises.
Split: काम्यानाम् + कर्मणाम् + न्यासम् + संन्यासम् + कवयः + विदुः + सर्व-कर्म-फल-त्यागम् + प्राहुः + त्यागम् + विचक्षणाः
kāmyānām + karmaṇām + nyāsam + saṃnyāsam + kavayaḥ + viduḥ + sarva-karma-phala-tyāgam + prāhuḥ + tyāgam + vicakṣaṇāḥ
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| देवनागरी | Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|---|
| काम्यानाम् | kāmyānām | genitive plural of kāmya (काम्य) | of acts that are wished for. A kāmya (काम्य) act is done for a thing one wants. |
| कर्मणाम् | karmaṇām | genitive plural of karman (कर्मन्) | of actions. |
| न्यासम् | nyāsam | accusative singular | the laying down. |
| संन्यासम् | saṃnyāsam | accusative singular | renunciation. What they call that laying down. |
| कवयः | kavayaḥ | nominative plural of kavi (कवि) | the poets. The wise who know the names. |
| विदुः | viduḥ | perfect, 3rd plural of vid (विद्) | they know. The perfect is used as a present. |
| सर्व-कर्म-फल-त्यागम् | sarva-karma-phala-tyāgam | accusative singular | the relinquishment of the fruit of every action. |
| प्राहुः | prāhuḥ | perfect, 3rd plural of prāh (प्राह्) | they say. They declare. Present sense, as with viduḥ (विदुः). |
| त्यागम् | tyāgam | accusative singular | relinquishment. The name they give. |
| विचक्षणाः | vicakṣaṇāḥ | nominative plural | the discerning. Those who see the distinction. |
The phrases
kāmyānāṃ karmaṇāṃ nyāsam (काम्यानां कर्मणां न्यासम्) is what gets the name saṃnyāsam (संन्यासम्). The laying down of actions done from a wish. Both genitives are "of." kavayaḥ viduḥ (कवयः विदुः) is recited kavayo viduḥ (कवयो विदुः). aḥ (अः) before the voiced v (व्) becomes o (ओ).
sarva-karma-phala-tyāgam (सर्व-कर्म-फल-त्यागम्) is one compound, and it is the thing they call tyāgam (त्यागम्). Fruit, of every action, given up. The discerning are the subject of prāhuḥ (प्राहुः).
prāhuḥ tyāgam (प्राहुः त्यागम्) is recited prāhus tyāgam (प्राहुस्त्यागम्). uḥ (उः) before the voiceless t (त्) becomes us (उस्).
Sanskrit in this line
viduḥ (विदुः) and prāhuḥ (प्राहुः) are both perfect, third person plural, and both mean a present fact: "they know," "they say." The perfect of vid (विद्) is the ordinary word for knowing. prāhuḥ (प्राहुः) is the same person and number from prāh (प्राह्), "declare." Do not read either one as a story about the past. The poets know this now. The discerning say this now.
Say it back
Cover the English. Give each name to the right group. If the poets are given the fruit, and the discerning are given the wished-for act, stay here.