18.3
त्याज्यं दोषवदित्येके
कर्म प्राहुर्मनीषिणः ।
यज्ञदानतपःकर्म
न त्याज्यमिति चापरे ॥
tyājyaṃ doṣavad ity eke karma prāhur manīṣiṇaḥ
yajñadānatapaḥkarma na tyājyam iti cāpare
Kṛṣṇa (कृष्ण) is still speaking, to Arjuna (अर्जुन). He reports two opinions before he gives his own.
The verse
Some thoughtful men say action is to be abandoned, as a faulty thing, and others say the action of sacrifice, gift, and austerity is not to be abandoned.
नेपालीमा
कति विचारशील मानिस भन्छन्, कर्म दोष भएको हुनाले त्याग्नुपर्छ, र अरू भन्छन्, यज्ञ, दान र तपको कर्म त्याग्नु हुँदैन।
Where it sits
18.2 gave the two names, and this verse gives the quarrel they sit in, before he chooses. 18.4 will tell Arjuna (अर्जुन) to hear the decision.
Split: त्याज्यम् + दोषवत् + इति + एके + कर्म + प्राहुः + मनीषिणः + यज्ञ-दान-तपः-कर्म + न + त्याज्यम् + इति + च + अपरे
tyājyam + doṣavat + iti + eke + karma + prāhuḥ + manīṣiṇaḥ + yajña-dāna-tapaḥ-karma + na + tyājyam + iti + ca + apare
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| देवनागरी | Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|---|
| त्याज्यम् | tyājyam | nominative singular neuter, gerundive of tyaj (त्यज्) | to be abandoned. |
| दोषवत् | doṣavat | nominative singular neuter of doṣavant (दोषवन्त्) | faulty. Possessed of a defect. Agrees with karma (कर्म). |
| इति | iti | indeclinable | thus. It closes what they say. |
| एके | eke | nominative plural of eka (एक) | some. |
| कर्म | karma | nominative singular of karman (कर्मन्) | action. |
| प्राहुः | prāhuḥ | perfect, 3rd plural | they say. |
| मनीषिणः | manīṣiṇaḥ | nominative plural of manīṣin (मनीषिन्) | the thoughtful. |
| यज्ञ-दान-तपः-कर्म | yajña-dāna-tapaḥ-karma | nominative singular neuter | the action that is sacrifice, gift, and austerity. tapas (तपस्) stands as tapaḥ (तपः) before karma (कर्म). |
| न | na | indeclinable | not. |
| त्याज्यम् | tyājyam | nominative singular neuter, gerundive | to be abandoned. |
| इति | iti | indeclinable | thus. |
| च | ca | indeclinable | and. |
| अपरे | apare | nominative plural | others. |
The phrases
त्याज्यं दोषवत् इति tyājyaṃ doṣavat iti is the first opinion, closed by iti (इति). Action is to be abandoned, as a faulty thing. eke manīṣiṇaḥ (एके मनीषिणः) are the some who say it. दोषवत् इति एके doṣavat iti eke is recited doṣavad ity eke (दोषवदित्येके). t (त्) before a vowel becomes d (द्), and इ + ए i + e becomes ye (ये).
prāhuḥ manīṣiṇaḥ (प्राहुः मनीषिणः) is recited prāhur manīṣiṇaḥ (प्राहुर्मनीषिणः). uḥ (उः) before m (म्) becomes ur (उर्).
यज्ञ-दान-तपः-कर्म न त्याज्यम् इति yajña-dāna-tapaḥ-karma na tyājyam iti is the other opinion. Sacrifice, gift, and austerity are not to be abandoned. apare (अपरे) are the others. च + अपरे ca + apare is cāpare (चापरे).
Sanskrit in this line
iti (इति) marks the end of what is said. The words in front of it are the opinion, not the narrator's own clause. त्याज्यं दोषवत् इति tyājyaṃ doṣavat iti is "saying, 'it is to be abandoned, faulty.'" The second iti (इति) does the same job for na tyājyam (न त्याज्यम्). eke (एके) and apare (अपरे) are the two parties, both nominative plural, and prāhuḥ (प्राहुः) is the verb for both.
Say it back
Cover the English. Give the two opinions in order. If the second group also drops sacrifice, gift, and austerity, stay here.