18.4
निश्चयं शृणु मे तत्र
त्यागे भरतसत्तम ।
त्यागो हि पुरुषव्याघ्र
त्रिविधः सम्प्रकीर्तितः ॥
niścayaṃ śṛṇu me tatra tyāge bharatasattama
tyāgo hi puruṣavyāghra trividhaḥ samprakīrtitaḥ
Kṛṣṇa (कृष्ण) is still speaking, to Arjuna (अर्जुन). The report of other men's opinions is over. The decision is his.
The verse
Best of the Bharatas, hear my decision on relinquishment: relinquishment, tiger among men, is declared to be of three kinds.
नेपालीमा
हे भरतहरूमा श्रेष्ठ, त्यागबारे मेरो निर्णय सुन। हे मानिसहरूमा बाघ, त्याग तीन किसिमको भनिन्छ।
Where it sits
18.3 left two opinions standing, and he does not pick one of them by name. The decision is about tyāga (त्याग), declared of three kinds, and the kinds come at 18.7.
Split: निश्चयम् + शृणु + मे + तत्र + त्यागे + भरत-सत्तम + त्यागः + हि + पुरुष-व्याघ्र + त्रि-विधः + सम्प्रकीर्तितः
niścayam + śṛṇu + me + tatra + tyāge + bharata-sattama + tyāgaḥ + hi + puruṣa-vyāghra + tri-vidhaḥ + samprakīrtitaḥ
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| देवनागरी | Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|---|
| निश्चयम् | niścayam | accusative singular | the decision. What has been settled. |
| शृणु | śṛṇu | imperative, 2nd singular of śru (श्रु) | hear. |
| मे | me | genitive enclitic of aham (अहम्) | my. From me. |
| तत्र | tatra | indeclinable | there. On that point. |
| त्यागे | tyāge | locative singular | in relinquishment. On the subject of tyāga (त्याग). |
| भरत-सत्तम | bharata-sattama | vocative | best of the Bharatas. sattama (सत्तम) is the superlative, "best." |
| त्यागः | tyāgaḥ | nominative singular | relinquishment. |
| हि | hi | indeclinable | for. Indeed. |
| पुरुष-व्याघ्र | puruṣa-vyāghra | vocative | tiger among men. |
| त्रि-विधः | trividhaḥ | nominative singular masculine | of three kinds. Agrees with tyāgaḥ (त्यागः). |
| सम्प्रकीर्तितः | samprakīrtitaḥ | nominative singular, past participle | declared. Fully proclaimed. |
The phrases
niścayaṃ śṛṇu me (निश्चयं शृणु मे) is the command. Hear my decision. tatra tyāge (तत्र त्यागे) names the place of that decision: there, in the matter of relinquishment. bharata-sattama (भरत-सत्तम) is Arjuna (अर्जुन).
tyāgaḥ hi trividhaḥ samprakīrtitaḥ (त्यागः हि त्रिविधः सम्प्रकीर्तितः) is the decision's first fact. Relinquishment is declared to be of three kinds. tyāgaḥ hi (त्यागः हि) is recited tyāgo hi (त्यागो हि). aḥ (अः) before h (ह्) becomes o (ओ). puruṣa-vyāghra (पुरुष-व्याघ्र) is the second name for him.
Sanskrit in this line
tyāge (त्यागे) is locative singular. The --e (ए) answers "in" or "on the subject of." tatra (तत्र) points at the same place: "there, in relinquishment." The accusative niścayam (निश्चयम्) is what he must hear. The locative is not the thing heard. It is the matter the decision is about. A nominative tyāgaḥ (त्यागः) comes in the next line, and that one is the subject of samprakīrtitaḥ (सम्प्रकीर्तितः).
Say it back
Cover the English. Say what he must hear, and how many kinds. If trividhaḥ (त्रि-विधः) falls out, stay here.