18.13
पञ्चैतानि महाबाहो
कारणानि निबोध मे ।
साङ्ख्ये कृतान्ते प्रोक्तानि
सिद्धये सर्वकर्मणाम् ॥
pañcaitāni mahābāho kāraṇāni nibodha me
sāṅkhye kṛtānte proktāni siddhaye sarvakarmaṇām
Kṛṣṇa (कृष्ण) is still speaking, to Arjuna (अर्जुन). A new count begins. tyāga (त्याग) is left behind for a while.
The verse
Mighty-armed, know from me these five causes, declared in the concluded Sāṅkhya (साङ्ख्य) teaching, for the accomplishment of every action.
नेपालीमा
हे ठूला पाखुरा भएका, हरेक कर्म सिद्ध हुन यी पाँच कारण मबाट बुझ, जुन टुङ्गो लागेको साङ्ख्य शिक्षामा भनिएका छन्।
Where it sits
The talk of dropping and keeping pauses, and he turns to how an act comes about: five causes, already taught in the Sāṅkhya (साङ्ख्य) conclusion. 18.14 names them, and the point will be that the self is not the only cause.
Split: पञ्च + एतानि + महा-बाहो + कारणानि + निबोध + मे + साङ्ख्ये + कृत-अन्ते + प्रोक्तानि + सिद्धये + सर्व-कर्मणाम्
pañca + etāni + mahā-bāho + kāraṇāni + nibodha + me + sāṅkhye + kṛta-ante + proktāni + siddhaye + sarva-karmaṇām
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| देवनागरी | Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|---|
| पञ्च | pañca | indeclinable, the number | five. |
| एतानि | etāni | nominative plural neuter | these. |
| महा-बाहो | mahā-bāho | vocative | mighty-armed. |
| कारणानि | kāraṇāni | nominative plural | causes. |
| निबोध | nibodha | imperative, 2nd singular of ni-budh (नि-बुध्) | know. Understand. |
| मे | me | genitive enclitic | from me. My account. |
| साङ्ख्ये | sāṅkhye | locative singular | in the Sāṅkhya (साङ्ख्य). In that reckoning. |
| कृत-अन्ते | kṛta-ante | locative singular | in the concluded teaching. kṛta (कृत) is "made." anta (अन्त) is the end. A doctrine whose end is already made. |
| प्रोक्तानि | proktāni | nominative plural neuter, past participle | declared. Agrees with kāraṇāni (कारणानि). |
| सिद्धये | siddhaye | dative singular of siddhi (सिद्धि) | for the accomplishment. |
| सर्व-कर्मणाम् | sarva-karmaṇām | genitive plural | of all actions. |
The phrases
pañca etāni kāraṇāni (पञ्च एतानि कारणानि) is the new list, five causes, not yet named. nibodha me (निबोध मे) is the command: know them from me. pañca etāni (पञ्च एतानि) is pañcaitāni (पञ्चैतानि). अ + ए a + e becomes ai (ऐ).
sāṅkhye kṛta-ante proktāni (साङ्ख्ये कृत-अन्ते प्रोक्तानि) says where they were already declared. In the Sāṅkhya (साङ्ख्य), in the teaching that has been concluded. The two locatives agree. siddhaye sarva-karmaṇām (सिद्धये सर्व-कर्मणाम्) is what the five are for: the accomplishing of every action.
Sanskrit in this line
siddhaye (सिद्धये) is dative singular of siddhi (सिद्धि). The dative answers "for." The five causes are for the accomplishment, not the accomplishment itself. sarva-karmaṇām (सर्व-कर्मणाम्) is genitive, "of all actions," and it depends on siddhaye (सिद्धये). sāṅkhye (साङ्ख्ये) and kṛta-ante (कृत-अन्ते) are locative, the teaching in which the causes were declared. Three cases, three jobs: for, of, in.
Say it back
Cover the English. Say how many causes, and what they are for. If siddhaye (सिद्धये) comes out as "from success," stay here.