18.14
अधिष्ठानं तथा कर्ता
करणं च पृथग्विधम् ।
विविधाश्च पृथक्चेष्टा
दैवं चैवात्र पञ्चमम् ॥
adhiṣṭhānaṃ tathā kartā karaṇaṃ ca pṛthagvidham
vividhāś ca pṛthakceṣṭā daivaṃ caivātra pañcamam
Kṛṣṇa (कृष्ण) is still speaking, to Arjuna (अर्जुन). The five promised in 18.13 are named. There is no finite verb. The list is the verse.
The verse
The seat, the doer, the instrument of several kinds, the various separate efforts, and the divine as the fifth: these are the five here.
नेपालीमा
बस्ने आधार, कर्ता, अनेक किसिमका साधन, छुट्टाछुट्टै अनेक प्रयत्न, र पाँचौँ दैव, यी यहाँ पाँच हुन्।
Where it sits
18.13 said there are five and did not name them; this is the naming, and the doer is one of the five. 18.15 calls them the causes of whatever a man begins, right or wrong, and 18.16 refuses the man who sees only himself.
Split: अधिष्ठानम् + तथा + कर्ता + करणम् + च + पृथक्-विधम् + विविधाः + च + पृथक्-चेष्टाः + दैवम् + च + एव + अत्र + पञ्चमम्
adhiṣṭhānam + tathā + kartā + karaṇam + ca + pṛthak-vidham + vividhāḥ + ca + pṛthak-ceṣṭāḥ + daivam + ca + eva + atra + pañcamam
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| देवनागरी | Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|---|
| अधिष्ठानम् | adhiṣṭhānam | nominative singular | the seat. The place the act stands on. The body. |
| तथा | tathā | indeclinable | and. Likewise. |
| कर्ता | kartā | nominative singular of kartṛ (कर्तृ) | the doer. |
| करणम् | karaṇam | nominative singular | the instrument. |
| च | ca | indeclinable | and. |
| पृथक्-विधम् | pṛthag-vidham | nominative singular neuter | of several kinds. Agrees with karaṇam (करणम्). |
| विविधाः | vividhāḥ | nominative plural feminine | various. |
| च | ca | indeclinable | and. |
| पृथक्-चेष्टाः | pṛthak-ceṣṭāḥ | nominative plural | the separate efforts. Efforts each of their own kind. |
| दैवम् | daivam | nominative singular | the divine. The share that is not the person's making. |
| च | ca | indeclinable | and. |
| एव | eva | indeclinable | indeed. |
| अत्र | atra | indeclinable | here. In this list. |
| पञ्चमम् | pañcamam | nominative singular neuter | the fifth. Agrees with daivam (दैवम्). |
The phrases
adhiṣṭhānaṃ tathā kartā (अधिष्ठानं तथा कर्ता) are the first two: the seat, and the doer. करणं च पृथक्-विधम् karaṇaṃ ca pṛthag-vidham is the third, the instrument, and it is of several kinds. pṛthak-vidham (पृथक्-विधम्) is recited pṛthagvidham (पृथग्विधम्). k (क्) before the voiced v (व्) becomes g (ग्).
vividhāḥ ca pṛthak-ceṣṭāḥ (विविधाः च पृथक्-चेष्टाः) are the fourth, the various separate efforts. vividhāḥ ca (विविधाः च) is vividhāś ca (विविधाश्च). The visarga of ceṣṭāḥ (चेष्टाः) drops before daivam (दैवम्), so the quarter ends ceṣṭā (चेष्टा).
daivam ca eva atra pañcamam (दैवम् च एव अत्र पञ्चमम्) is the fifth, named as fifth. ca eva atra (च एव अत्र) is caivātra (चैवात्र).
Sanskrit in this line
The five are not one gender. adhiṣṭhānam (अधिष्ठानम्), karaṇam (करणम्), and daivam (दैवम्) are neuter. kartā (कर्ता) is masculine. pṛthak-ceṣṭāḥ (पृथक्-चेष्टाः) is feminine plural, and vividhāḥ (विविधाः) agrees with it. pañcamam (पञ्चमम्) agrees with daivam (दैवम्) only. A list can hold different genders. Do not force ceṣṭāḥ (चेष्टाः) into the neuter to match adhiṣṭhānam (अधिष्ठानम्).
Say it back
Cover the English. Count the five in order. If daivam (दैवम्) is left out, or if kartā (कर्ता) is made the only cause, stay here.