18.20
सर्वभूतेषु येनैकं
भावमव्ययमीक्षते ।
अविभक्तं विभक्तेषु
तज्ज्ञानं विद्धि सात्त्विकम् ॥
sarvabhūteṣu yenaikaṃ bhāvam avyayam īkṣate
avibhaktaṃ vibhakteṣu taj jñānaṃ viddhi sāttvikam
Kṛṣṇa (कृष्ण) is still speaking, to Arjuna (अर्जुन). Knowledge is the first of the three, and this is its sāttvika (सात्त्विक) kind.
The verse
That knowledge by which one sees, in all beings, one imperishable being, undivided among the divided, know as sāttvika (सात्त्विक).
नेपालीमा
जुन ज्ञानद्वारा सबै प्राणीमा एउटै नाश नहुने भाव देखिन्छ, बाँडिएकामा नबाँडिएको, त्यसलाई सात्त्विक भनी बुझ।
Where it sits
18.19 said knowledge is of three kinds, and this is the first: one being, seen in all, undivided among the divided. 18.21 sees many beings as separate kinds, and 18.22 clings to one small work as if it were the whole.
Split: सर्व-भूतेषु + येन + एकम् + भावम् + अव्ययम् + ईक्षते + अविभक्तम् + विभक्तेषु + तत् + ज्ञानम् + विद्धि + सात्त्विकम्
sarva-bhūteṣu + yena + ekam + bhāvam + avyayam + īkṣate + avibhaktam + vibhakteṣu + tat + jñānam + viddhi + sāttvikam
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| देवनागरी | Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|---|
| सर्व-भूतेषु | sarva-bhūteṣu | locative plural | in all beings. |
| येन | yena | instrumental singular | by which. |
| एकम् | ekam | accusative singular neuter | one. |
| भावम् | bhāvam | accusative singular | being. The real state. |
| अव्ययम् | avyayam | accusative singular neuter | imperishable. Agrees with bhāvam (भावम्). |
| ईक्षते | īkṣate | present, 3rd singular, middle of īkṣ (ईक्ष्) | one sees. |
| अविभक्तम् | avibhaktam | accusative singular neuter | undivided. Agrees with bhāvam (भावम्). |
| विभक्तेषु | vibhakteṣu | locative plural | in the divided ones. Among the separate beings. |
| तत् | tat | accusative singular neuter | that. |
| ज्ञानम् | jñānam | accusative singular | knowledge. |
| विद्धि | viddhi | imperative, 2nd singular of vid (विद्) | know. |
| सात्त्विकम् | sāttvikam | accusative singular neuter | of sattva (सत्त्व). Agrees with jñānam (ज्ञानम्). |
The phrases
सर्व-भूतेषु येन एकम् भावम् अव्ययम् ईक्षते sarva-bhūteṣu yena ekam bhāvam avyayam īkṣate is the seeing. By which one sees, in all beings, one imperishable being. yena ekam (येन एकम्) is yenaikam (येनैकम्), and before bhāvam (भावम्) the m (म्) is the anusvara: yenaikaṃ (येनैकं). भावम् अव्ययम् ईक्षते bhāvam avyayam īkṣate is recited bhāvam avyayam īkṣate (भावमव्ययमीक्षते).
avibhaktam vibhakteṣu (अविभक्तम् विभक्तेषु) sharpens it. Undivided, in the divided. The beings are separate. The bhāva (भाव) he sees is not.
tat jñānam viddhi sāttvikam (तत् ज्ञानम् विद्धि सात्त्विकम्) is the command. Know that knowledge as sāttvika (सात्त्विक). tat jñānam (तत् ज्ञानम्) is taj jñānam (तज्ज्ञानम्). t (त्) before j (ज्) becomes j (ज्).
Sanskrit in this line
yena (येन) is instrumental singular of the relative, "by which." It points forward to tat jñānam (तत् ज्ञानम्). The knowledge is the means of the seeing. īkṣate (ईक्षते) does not have a noun as its subject in this line. The subject is "one," the person who has that knowledge. ekam (एकम्), avyayam (अव्ययम्), and avibhaktam (अविभक्तम्) all agree with bhāvam (भावम्), accusative, the thing seen. vibhakteṣu (विभक्तेषु) is locative plural, the beings among whom that one undivided being is seen.
Say it back
Cover the English. Say what is seen, and that it is one. If ekam (एकम्) comes out as many, stay here.