18.19
ज्ञानं कर्म च कर्ता च
त्रिधैव गुणभेदतः ।
प्रोच्यते गुणसङ्ख्याने
यथावच्छृणु तान्यपि ॥
jñānaṃ karma ca kartā ca tridhaiva guṇabhedataḥ
procyate guṇasaṅkhyāne yathāvacchṛṇu tāny api
Kṛṣṇa (कृष्ण) is still speaking, to Arjuna (अर्जुन). The sorting by the guṇa (गुण)s is announced. The sorting itself starts at 18.20.
The verse
Knowledge, action, and the doer are declared in three ways each, by the division of the guṇa (गुण)s, in the reckoning of the guṇa (गुण)s: hear them duly too.
नेपालीमा
गुणको भेदअनुसार, गुणको गणनामा, ज्ञान, कर्म र कर्ता प्रत्येक तीन किसिमले भनिएका छन्। तिनीहरूलाई पनि ठीकसित सुन।
Where it sits
18.18 set several trios on the table, and this verse chooses knowledge, the act, and the doer for the guṇa (गुण) sorting. Knowledge begins at 18.20, the act at 18.23, and the doer at 18.26.
Split: ज्ञानम् + कर्म + च + कर्ता + च + त्रिधा + एव + गुण-भेदतः + प्रोच्यते + गुण-सङ्ख्याने + यथावत् + शृणु + तानि + अपि
jñānam + karma + ca + kartā + ca + tridhā + eva + guṇa-bhedataḥ + procyate + guṇa-saṅkhyāne + yathāvat + śṛṇu + tāni + api
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| देवनागरी | Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|---|
| ज्ञानम् | jñānam | nominative singular | knowledge. |
| कर्म | karma | nominative singular | action. |
| च | ca | indeclinable | and. |
| कर्ता | kartā | nominative singular | the doer. |
| च | ca | indeclinable | and. |
| त्रिधा | tridhā | indeclinable | in three ways. |
| एव | eva | indeclinable | indeed. |
| गुण-भेदतः | guṇa-bhedataḥ | indeclinable | by the division of the guṇa (गुण)s. The ending --taḥ (तः) makes the adverb. |
| प्रोच्यते | procyate | present, 3rd singular, passive of pra-vac (प्र-वच्) | it is declared. |
| गुण-सङ्ख्याने | guṇa-saṅkhyāne | locative singular | in the reckoning of the guṇa (गुण)s. |
| यथावत् | yathāvat | indeclinable | duly. As it is. |
| शृणु | śṛṇu | imperative, 2nd singular | hear. |
| तानि | tāni | accusative plural neuter | them. The three, in their kinds. |
| अपि | api | indeclinable | also. |
The phrases
jñānaṃ karma ca kartā ca (ज्ञानं कर्म च कर्ता च) names the three that will be sorted. Knowledge, the act, and the doer. kartā ca (कर्ता च) is written together in the source as kartā ca (कर्ताच). आ + अ ā + a does not change the spelling of either word.
tridhā eva guṇa-bhedataḥ procyate (त्रिधा एव गुण-भेदतः प्रोच्यते) is the claim. Each is declared in three ways, by the split of the guṇa (गुण)s. tridhā eva (त्रिधा एव) is tridhaiva (त्रिधैव). guṇa-saṅkhyāne (गुण-सङ्ख्याने) is where that declaration lives, in the reckoning of the guṇa (गुण)s.
yathāvat śṛṇu tāni api (यथावत् शृणु तानि अपि) is the command. Hear them duly, too. yathāvat śṛṇu (यथावत् शृणु) is yathāvacchṛṇu (यथावच्छृणु). tāni api (तानि अपि) is tāny api (तान्यपि).
Sanskrit in this line
yathāvat śṛṇu (यथावत् शृणु) is recited yathāvacchṛṇu (यथावच्छृणु). t (त्) before ś (श्) does not stay t (त्). The t (त्) becomes c (च्), and the ś (श्) is written ch (छ्), so the cluster is cch (च्छ्). The same meeting made yacchreyaḥ (यच्छ्रेयः) in 5.1. Read यथावत् + शृणु yathāvat + śṛṇu when you split. The adverb yathāvat (यथावत्) means "duly, as the thing is," and it modifies śṛṇu (शृणु).
Say it back
Cover the English. Name the three that are each of three kinds. If jñeyam (ज्ञेयम्) or parijñātā (परिज्ञाता) is added from 18.18, you have the wrong trio. Stay here.