18.25
अनुबन्धं क्षयं हिंसाम्
अनपेक्ष्य च पौरुषम् ।
मोहादारभ्यते कर्म
यत्तत्तामसमुच्यते ॥
anubandhaṃ kṣayaṃ hiṃsām anapekṣya ca pauruṣam
mohād ārabhyate karma yat tat tāmasam ucyate
Kṛṣṇa (कृष्ण) is still speaking, to Arjuna (अर्जुन). This is the act of tamas (तमस्).
The verse
The action which is begun from delusion, without regard to consequence, loss, injury, or one's own capacity: that is called tāmasa (तामस).
नेपालीमा
मोहबाट थालिएको, परिणाम, नोक्सानी, चोट र आफ्नै सामर्थ्यलाई नहेरी गरिएको कर्मलाई तामस भनिन्छ।
Where it sits
The three acts are complete: appointed, without desire for the fruit, was sāttvika (सात्त्विक); done to obtain something, or with the "I," was rājasa (राजस); begun from delusion is tāmasa (तामस). 18.26 turns to the doer.
Split: अनुबन्धम् + क्षयम् + हिंसाम् + अनपेक्ष्य + च + पौरुषम् + मोहात् + आरभ्यते + कर्म + यत् + तत् + तामसम् + उच्यते
anubandham + kṣayam + hiṃsām + anapekṣya + ca + pauruṣam + mohāt + ārabhyate + karma + yat + tat + tāmasam + ucyate
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| देवनागरी | Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|---|
| अनुबन्धम् | anubandham | accusative singular | the consequence. What follows after. |
| क्षयम् | kṣayam | accusative singular | loss. Destruction. |
| हिंसाम् | hiṃsām | accusative singular | injury. |
| अनपेक्ष्य | anapekṣya | gerund of apa-īkṣ (अप-ईक्ष्), with अन- an- | not having regarded. Disregarding. |
| च | ca | indeclinable | and. |
| पौरुषम् | pauruṣam | accusative singular | one's own capacity. What a man can actually do. From puruṣa (पुरुष). |
| मोहात् | mohāt | ablative singular | from delusion. |
| आरभ्यते | ārabhyate | present, 3rd singular, passive of ā-rabh (आ-रभ्) | is begun. |
| कर्म | karma | nominative singular | action. |
| यत् | yat | nominative singular neuter | which. |
| तत् | tat | nominative singular neuter | that. |
| तामसम् | tāmasam | nominative singular neuter | tāmasa (तामस). |
| उच्यते | ucyate | present, 3rd singular, passive | is called. |
The phrases
अनुबन्धं क्षयं हिंसाम् अनपेक्ष्य च पौरुषम् anubandhaṃ kṣayaṃ hiṃsām anapekṣya ca pauruṣam is one gerund with four objects. Not looking to the consequence, the loss, the injury, and one's own capacity. The quarter break leaves hiṃsām (हिंसाम्) at the end of its line and anapekṣya (अनपेक्ष्य) at the start of the next. The source half-line joins them: hiṃsām anapekṣya (हिंसामनपेक्ष्य).
मोहात् आरभ्यते कर्म mohāt ārabhyate karma is how the act starts. From delusion. मोहात् आरभ्यते mohāt ārabhyate is mohād ārabhyate (मोहादारभ्यते). यत् तत् तामसम् उच्यते yat tat tāmasam ucyate names it, the same frame as 18.23 and 18.24.
Sanskrit in this line
anapekṣya (अनपेक्ष्य) is a gerund with a negative. apekṣya (अपेक्ष्य) would be "having regarded," the --ya (य) gerund of a prefixed verb. अन- an- reverses it: "not having regarded." A negative gerund still takes objects in the accusative. All four, anubandham (अनुबन्धम्), kṣayam (क्षयम्), hiṃsām (हिंसाम्), and pauruṣam (पौरुषम्), are objects of that one gerund. mohāt (मोहात्) is a different case. It is the ablative of the beginning, the same "from delusion" as 18.7.
Say it back
Cover the English. List the four things he does not look at. If pauruṣam (पौरुषम्) drops out, stay here.