18.29
बुद्धेर्भेदं धृतेश्चैव
गुणतस्त्रिविधं शृणु ।
प्रोच्यमानमशेषेण
पृथक्त्वेन धनञ्जय ॥
buddher bhedaṃ dhṛteś caiva guṇatas trividhaṃ śṛṇu
procyamānam aśeṣeṇa pṛthaktvena dhanañjaya
Kṛṣṇa (कृष्ण) is still speaking, to Arjuna (अर्जुन). dhanañjaya (धनञ्जय) is the name he uses, the winner of wealth.
The verse
Dhanañjaya (धनञ्जय), hear the division of intellect and of resolve, threefold according to the guṇa (गुण)s, being declared fully and separately.
नेपालीमा
हे धनञ्जय, गुणअनुसार तीन किसिमको बुद्धि र अडानको छुट्याइ, पूरा र छुट्याएर भनिँदै छ, सुन।
Where it sits
Knowledge, act, and doer are done, and he opens the division of intellect and of resolve, each threefold by the guṇa (गुण)s. Intellect is 18.30, resolve is 18.33, and happiness begins at 18.36.
Split: बुद्धेः + भेदम् + धृतेः + च + एव + गुणतः + त्रि-विधम् + शृणु + प्रोच्यमानम् + अशेषेण + पृथक्त्वेन + धनञ्जय
buddheḥ + bhedam + dhṛteḥ + ca + eva + guṇataḥ + tri-vidham + śṛṇu + procyamānam + aśeṣeṇa + pṛthaktvena + dhanañjaya
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| देवनागरी | Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|---|
| बुद्धेः | buddheḥ | genitive singular of buddhi (बुद्धि) | of the intellect. |
| भेदम् | bhedam | accusative singular | the division. The difference. |
| धृतेः | dhṛteḥ | genitive singular of dhṛti (धृति) | of resolve. Of the holding-firm. |
| च | ca | indeclinable | and. |
| एव | eva | indeclinable | indeed. |
| गुणतः | guṇataḥ | indeclinable | according to the guṇa (गुण)s. |
| त्रि-विधम् | trividham | accusative singular neuter | threefold. Agrees with bhedam (भेदम्). |
| शृणु | śṛṇu | imperative, 2nd singular | hear. |
| प्रोच्यमानम् | procyamānam | accusative singular neuter, present passive participle | being declared. Agrees with bhedam (भेदम्). |
| अशेषेण | aśeṣeṇa | instrumental singular | without remainder. Fully. |
| पृथक्त्वेन | pṛthaktvena | instrumental singular | separately. One by one. |
| धनञ्जय | dhanañjaya | vocative | Dhanañjaya (धनञ्जय). Winner of wealth. |
The phrases
buddheḥ bhedaṃ dhṛteḥ ca eva (बुद्धेः भेदं धृतेः च एव) is what he must hear: the division of intellect and the division of resolve. buddheḥ bhedam (बुद्धेः भेदम्) is buddher bhedam (बुद्धेर्भेदम्). dhṛteḥ ca eva (धृतेः च एव) is dhṛteś caiva (धृतेश्चैव).
गुणतः त्रि-विधम् शृणु guṇataḥ trividhaṃ śṛṇu says the division is threefold, by the guṇa (गुण)s. guṇataḥ trividham (गुणतः त्रि-विधम्) is guṇatas trividham (गुणतस्त्रिविधम्).
प्रोच्यमानम् अशेषेण पृथक्त्वेन procyamānam aśeṣeṇa pṛthaktvena is how he should hear it. Being declared, fully, and separately. प्रोच्यमानम् अशेषेण procyamānam aśeṣeṇa is procyamānam aśeṣeṇa (प्रोच्यमानमशेषेण). dhanañjaya (धनञ्जय) faces him.
Sanskrit in this line
eḥ (एः) has two shapes in this one line. Before a voiced consonant it becomes er (एर्): buddheḥ bhedam (बुद्धेः भेदम्) is buddher bhedam (बुद्धेर्भेदम्). Before the voiceless c (च्) it becomes eś (एश्): dhṛteḥ ca (धृतेः च) is dhṛteś ca (धृतेश्च). Then च + एव ca + eva is caiva (चैव), so the whole run is dhṛteś caiva (धृतेश्चैव). Both genitives are --eḥ (एः), the genitive of an i (इ)-stem. buddhi (बुद्धि) and dhṛti (धृति) are those stems. The ending answers "of."
Say it back
Cover the English. Name the two things whose division he must hear. If sukha (सुख) is one of them, you have gone past this verse.