18.28
अयुक्तः प्राकृतः स्तब्धः
शठो नैष्कृतिकोऽलसः ।
विषादी दीर्घसूत्री च
कर्ता तामस उच्यते ॥
ayuktaḥ prākṛtaḥ stabdhaḥ śaṭho naiṣkṛtiko 'lasaḥ
viṣādī dīrghasūtrī ca kartā tāmasa ucyate
Kṛṣṇa (कृष्ण) is still speaking, to Arjuna (अर्जुन). This is the doer of tamas (तमस्), and the last of the three doers.
The verse
The doer who is unyoked, raw, stiff, a cheat, a spoiler, lazy, despondent, and a delayer is called tāmasa (तामस).
नेपालीमा
योगमा नजोडिएको, कच्चा, स्तब्ध, छली, हित बिगार्ने, अल्छी, खिन्न र काम लम्ब्याउने कर्ता तामस भनिन्छ।
Where it sits
The doer is finished, and with him the trio of 18.19: knowledge, act, and doer have each been sāttvika (सात्त्विक), rājasa (राजस), and tāmasa (तामस). 18.29 opens intellect and resolve, and happiness follows.
Split: अयुक्तः + प्राकृतः + स्तब्धः + शठः + नैष्कृतिकः + अलसः + विषादी + दीर्घ-सूत्री + च + कर्ता + तामसः + उच्यते
ayuktaḥ + prākṛtaḥ + stabdhaḥ + śaṭhaḥ + naiṣkṛtikaḥ + alasaḥ + viṣādī + dīrgha-sūtrī + ca + kartā + tāmasaḥ + ucyate
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| देवनागरी | Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|---|
| अयुक्तः | ayuktaḥ | nominative singular | unyoked. Not held to the work. |
| प्राकृतः | prākṛtaḥ | nominative singular | of the raw make. Unrefined. |
| स्तब्धः | stabdhaḥ | nominative singular | stiff. Stuck. |
| शठः | śaṭhaḥ | nominative singular | a cheat. |
| नैष्कृतिकः | naiṣkṛtikaḥ | nominative singular | a spoiler. One whose way is injury and evasion. From niṣkṛti (निष्कृति). |
| अलसः | alasaḥ | nominative singular | lazy. |
| विषादी | viṣādī | nominative singular of viṣādin (विषादिन्) | given to despondency. |
| दीर्घ-सूत्री | dīrgha-sūtrī | nominative singular of dīrgha-sūtrin (दीर्घ-सूत्रिन्) | one who draws the thread out long. A delayer. |
| च | ca | indeclinable | and. |
| कर्ता | kartā | nominative singular | the doer. |
| तामसः | tāmasaḥ | nominative singular | tāmasa (तामस). |
| उच्यते | ucyate | present, 3rd singular, passive | is called. |
The phrases
ayuktaḥ prākṛtaḥ stabdhaḥ (अयुक्तः प्राकृतः स्तब्धः) are the first three: unyoked, raw, stiff. śaṭhaḥ naiṣkṛtikaḥ alasaḥ (शठः नैष्कृतिकः अलसः) are the next three: a cheat, a spoiler, lazy. śaṭhaḥ naiṣkṛtikaḥ (शठः नैष्कृतिकः) is śaṭho naiṣkṛtikaḥ (शठो नैष्कृतिकः), and naiṣkṛtikaḥ alasaḥ (नैष्कृतिकः अलसः) is naiṣkṛtiko 'lasaḥ (नैष्कृतिकोऽलसः).
viṣādī dīrgha-sūtrī ca (विषादी दीर्घ-सूत्री च) finishes the list. Despondent, and slow to draw the thread in. kartā tāmasaḥ ucyate (कर्ता तामसः उच्यते) is recited kartā tāmasa ucyate (कर्ता तामस उच्यते). The visarga drops before u (उ).
Sanskrit in this line
dīrgha-sūtrī (दीर्घ-सूत्री) is a bahuvrīhi, "one whose thread is long." sūtra (सूत्र) is the thread. The man who spins it out does not finish. The nominative of the --in (इन्) stem is --ī (ई), so sūtrī (सूत्री), like tyāgī (त्यागी) and viṣādī (विषादी) in this same verse. It is not a feminine noun. It is a masculine nominative agreeing with kartā (कर्ता). All eight names are nominative, and ucyate (उच्यते) is the one verb.
Say it back
Cover the English. Say the last two names, the despondent and the delayer. If dīrgha-sūtrī (दीर्घ-सूत्री) comes out as "a long speech," stay here.