18.33
धृत्या यया धारयते
मनःप्राणेन्द्रियक्रियाः ।
योगेनाव्यभिचारिण्या
धृतिः सा पार्थ सात्त्विकी ॥
dhṛtyā yayā dhārayate manaḥprāṇendriyakriyāḥ
yogenāvyabhicāriṇyā dhṛtiḥ sā pārtha sāttvikī
Kṛṣṇa (कृष्ण) is still speaking, to Arjuna (अर्जुन). Resolve begins. This is the sāttvika (सात्त्विक) kind.
The verse
The resolve by which one holds the activities of mind, breath, and senses, unswerving, by yoga: that, son of Pṛthā (पृथा), is sāttvikī (सात्त्विकी).
नेपालीमा
जुन अडानले योगद्वारा मन, श्वास र इन्द्रियका क्रियालाई नडगमगाई समात्छ, हे पृथाका छोरा, त्यो सात्त्विकी हो।
Where it sits
Intellect is finished and resolve starts: this one holds the activities of mind, breath, and senses, and does not wander. 18.34 holds the three aims and wants the fruit, and 18.35 does not let go of sleep, fear, grief, despondency, and frenzy.
Split: धृत्या + यया + धारयते + मनः-प्राण-इन्द्रिय-क्रियाः + योगेन + अव्यभिचारिण्या + धृतिः + सा + पार्थ + सात्त्विकी
dhṛtyā + yayā + dhārayate + manaḥ-prāṇa-indriya-kriyāḥ + yogena + avyabhicāriṇyā + dhṛtiḥ + sā + pārtha + sāttvikī
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| देवनागरी | Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|---|
| धृत्या | dhṛtyā | instrumental singular of dhṛti (धृति) | by resolve. |
| यया | yayā | instrumental singular feminine | by which. Agrees with dhṛtyā (धृत्या). |
| धारयते | dhārayate | present, 3rd singular, causative middle of dhṛ (धृ) | one holds. One keeps in place. |
| मनः-प्राण-इन्द्रिय-क्रियाः | manaḥ-prāṇa-indriya-kriyāḥ | accusative plural | the activities of mind, breath, and senses. |
| योगेन | yogena | instrumental singular | by yoga. By the holding-together. |
| अव्यभिचारिण्या | avyabhicāriṇyā | instrumental singular feminine of avyabhicārin (अव्यभिचारिन्) | by the unswerving. Agrees with yayā dhṛtyā (यया धृत्या). |
| धृतिः | dhṛtiḥ | nominative singular | resolve. |
| सा | sā | nominative singular feminine | that. |
| पार्थ | pārtha | vocative | son of Pṛthā (पृथा). |
| सात्त्विकी | sāttvikī | nominative singular feminine | sāttvikī (सात्त्विकी). Agrees with dhṛtiḥ (धृतिः). |
The phrases
dhṛtyā yayā dhārayate (धृत्या यया धारयते) is resolve as the means of holding. By which resolve one holds. मनः-प्राण-इन्द्रिय-क्रियाः manaḥ-prāṇa-indriya-kriyāḥ is what is held: the activities of mind, of breath, and of the senses. The recited compound is manaḥprāṇendriyakriyāḥ (मनःप्राणेन्द्रियक्रियाः). prāṇa (प्राण) plus indriya (इन्द्रिय) is prāṇendriya (प्राणेन्द्रिय).
yogena avyabhicāriṇyā (योगेन अव्यभिचारिण्या) says the resolve is unswerving, and the holding is by yoga. yogena avyabhicāriṇyā (योगेन अव्यभिचारिण्या) is yogenāvyabhicāriṇyā (योगेनाव्यभिचारिण्या). dhṛtiḥ sā pārtha sāttvikī (धृतिः सा पार्थ सात्त्विकी) names it.
Sanskrit in this line
avyabhicāriṇyā (अव्यभिचारिण्या) is instrumental feminine, and it agrees with yayā (यया) and with dhṛtyā (धृत्या). All three are instrumental. The stem avyabhicārin (अव्यभिचारिन्) is "not going astray." The feminine instrumental of an --in (इन्) stem is --inyā (इन्या). dhārayate (धारयते) is the causative of dhṛ (धृ), "hold," so "causes to hold, keeps in place," middle. dhṛti (धृति) is the noun from the same root. The verse uses the noun as the means and the causative as the verb.
Say it back
Cover the English. Say what is held, and that the resolve does not wander. If avyabhicāriṇyā (अव्यभिचारिण्या) drops out, stay here.