18.34
यया तु धर्मकामार्थान्
धृत्या धारयतेऽर्जुन ।
प्रसङ्गेन फलाकाङ्क्षी
धृतिः सा पार्थ राजसी ॥
yayā tu dharmakāmārthān dhṛtyā dhārayate 'rjuna
prasaṅgena phalākāṅkṣī dhṛtiḥ sā pārtha rājasī
Kṛṣṇa (कृष्ण) is still speaking, to Arjuna (अर्जुन). This is the resolve of rajas (रजस्).
The verse
Arjuna (अर्जुन), the resolve by which one holds dharma (धर्म), desire, and wealth, from attachment, longing for the fruit: that, son of Pṛthā (पृथा), is rājasī (राजसी).
नेपालीमा
हे अर्जुन, जुन अडानले आसक्तिबाट, फलको चाहना राखेर, धर्म, कामना र धनलाई समात्छ, हे पृथाका छोरा, त्यो राजसी हो।
Where it sits
18.33 held mind, breath, and senses without wandering, and this resolve holds dharma (धर्म), desire, and wealth while the holder longs for the fruit. 18.35 is the resolve that cannot let go.
Split: यया + तु + धर्म-काम-अर्थान् + धृत्या + धारयते + अर्जुन + प्रसङ्गेन + फल-आकाङ्क्षी + धृतिः + सा + पार्थ + राजसी
yayā + tu + dharma-kāma-arthān + dhṛtyā + dhārayate + arjuna + prasaṅgena + phala-ākāṅkṣī + dhṛtiḥ + sā + pārtha + rājasī
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| देवनागरी | Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|---|
| यया | yayā | instrumental singular feminine | by which. |
| तु | tu | indeclinable | but. |
| धर्म-काम-अर्थान् | dharma-kāma-arthān | accusative plural | dharma (धर्म), desire, and wealth. The three aims. |
| धृत्या | dhṛtyā | instrumental singular | by resolve. |
| धारयते | dhārayate | present, 3rd singular, causative middle | one holds. |
| अर्जुन | arjuna | vocative | Arjuna (अर्जुन). |
| प्रसङ्गेन | prasaṅgena | instrumental singular | by attachment. By clinging to the occasion. |
| फल-आकाङ्क्षी | phala-ākāṅkṣī | nominative singular of phala-ākāṅkṣin (फल-आकाङ्क्षिन्) | one who longs for the fruit. |
| धृतिः | dhṛtiḥ | nominative singular | resolve. |
| सा | sā | nominative singular feminine | that. |
| पार्थ | pārtha | vocative | son of Pṛthā (पृथा). |
| राजसी | rājasī | nominative singular feminine | rājasī (राजसी). |
The phrases
yayā tu dharma-kāma-arthān dhṛtyā dhārayate (यया तु धर्म-काम-अर्थान् धृत्या धारयते) is the holding. By which resolve one holds the three aims, right and desire and wealth. The line keeps the n (न्) of arthān (अर्थान्) before dhṛtyā (धृत्या), as the source prints dharmakāmārthān dhṛtyā (धर्मकामार्थान्धृत्या). dhārayate arjuna (धारयते अर्जुन) is dhārayate 'rjuna (धारयतेऽर्जुन).
prasaṅgena phala-ākāṅkṣī (प्रसङ्गेन फल-आकाङ्क्षी) is the manner and the man. By attachment, longing for the fruit. phala-ākāṅkṣī (फल-आकाङ्क्षी) is phalākāṅkṣī (फलाकाङ्क्षी). dhṛtiḥ sā pārtha rājasī (धृतिः सा पार्थ राजसी) names the resolve.
Sanskrit in this line
dhārayate arjuna (धारयते अर्जुन) is dhārayate 'rjuna (धारयतेऽर्जुन). ए + अ e + a drops the a (अ) of the vocative, the same avagraha as kriyate 'rjuna (क्रियतेऽर्जुन) in 18.9. phala-ākāṅkṣī (फल-आकाङ्क्षी) is nominative, and it describes the person who holds, not the resolve. dhṛtiḥ (धृतिः) is feminine, and sā (सा) and rājasī (राजसी) agree with it. ākāṅkṣī (आकाङ्क्षी) does not. It is the man's name in the sentence, "he who longs for the fruit." The resolve is what is being classified.
Say it back
Cover the English. Name the three aims he holds, and say he wants the fruit. If manaḥ (मनः) is what he holds, you are still in 18.33.