18.36
सुखं त्विदानीं त्रिविधं
शृणु मे भरतर्षभ ।
अभ्यासाद्रमते यत्र
दुःखान्तं च निगच्छति ॥
sukhaṃ tv idānīṃ trividhaṃ śṛṇu me bharatarṣabha
abhyāsād ramate yatra duḥkhāntaṃ ca nigacchati
Kṛṣṇa (कृष्ण) is still speaking, to Arjuna (अर्जुन). Happiness is the last trio. The yatra (यत्र) of this verse is filled in by 18.37.
The verse
Now hear from me, bull of the Bharatas, the threefold happiness, in which one comes to delight from practice and reaches the end of suffering.
नेपालीमा
अब हे भरतहरूका वृषभ, तीन किसिमको सुख मबाट सुन, जसमा मानिस अभ्यासले रमाउँछ र दुखको अन्त्यमा पुग्छ।
Where it sits
Intellect and resolve are done, and happiness is announced as threefold, the yatra (यत्र) already naming the kind that comes by practice and reaches the end of suffering. 18.37 calls that kind sāttvika (सात्त्विक), and the other two follow.
Split: सुखम् + तु + इदानीम् + त्रि-विधम् + शृणु + मे + भरत-ऋषभ + अभ्यासात् + रमते + यत्र + दुःख-अन्तम् + च + निगच्छति
sukham + tu + idānīm + tri-vidham + śṛṇu + me + bharata-ṛṣabha + abhyāsāt + ramate + yatra + duḥkha-antam + ca + nigacchati
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| देवनागरी | Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|---|
| सुखम् | sukham | accusative singular | happiness. |
| तु | tu | indeclinable | now. And. |
| इदानीम् | idānīm | indeclinable | now. |
| त्रि-विधम् | trividham | accusative singular neuter | threefold. Agrees with sukham (सुखम्). |
| शृणु | śṛṇu | imperative, 2nd singular | hear. |
| मे | me | genitive enclitic | from me. |
| भरत-ऋषभ | bharata-ṛṣabha | vocative | bull of the Bharatas. ṛṣabha (ऋषभ) is a bull, the best of the herd. |
| अभ्यासात् | abhyāsāt | ablative singular of abhyāsa (अभ्यास) | from practice. |
| रमते | ramate | present, 3rd singular, middle of ram (रम्) | one delights. |
| यत्र | yatra | indeclinable | in which. Where. |
| दुःख-अन्तम् | duḥkha-antam | accusative singular | the end of suffering. |
| च | ca | indeclinable | and. |
| निगच्छति | nigacchati | present, 3rd singular of ni-gam (नि-गम्) | one reaches. One comes to. |
The phrases
sukham tu idānīm tri-vidham śṛṇu me (सुखम् तु इदानीम् त्रि-विधम् शृणु मे) is the new command. Now hear from me the threefold happiness. tu idānīm (तु इदानीम्) is tv idānīm (त्विदानीम्). bharata-ṛṣabha (भरत-ऋषभ) is recited bharatarṣabha (भरतर्षभ). अ + ऋ a + ṛ becomes ar (अर्).
abhyāsāt ramate yatra (अभ्यासात् रमते यत्र) is the first thing about the happiness he means: in which one comes to delight from practice. abhyāsāt ramate (अभ्यासात् रमते) is abhyāsād ramate (अभ्यासाद्रमते). t (त्) before r (र्) becomes d (द्).
duḥkha-antam ca nigacchati (दुःख-अन्तम् च निगच्छति) is the second thing. And one reaches the end of suffering. duḥkha-antam (दुःख-अन्तम्) is duḥkhāntam (दुःखान्तम्).
Sanskrit in this line
तु + इदानीम् tu + idānīm is tv idānīm (त्विदानीम्). उ + इ u + i becomes vi (वि). The u (उ) of tu (तु) becomes v (व्), and the i (इ) of idānīm (इदानीम्) stays. This is not a dropped vowel and not an avagraha. The word is still tu (तु), "now," the turn to a new topic. yatra (यत्र) is the relative "in which," and its correlative is the tat (तत्) of 18.37. The happiness he tells him to hear is the happiness the next verse will define.
Say it back
Cover the English. Say where the delight comes from, and what one reaches. If abhyāsāt (अभ्यासात्) comes out as "from a feeling," stay here.