18.38
विषयेन्द्रियसंयोगाद्
यत्तदग्रेऽमृतोपमम् ।
परिणामे विषमिव
तत्सुखं राजसं स्मृतम् ॥
viṣayendriyasaṃyogād yat tad agre 'mṛtopamam
pariṇāme viṣam iva tat sukhaṃ rājasaṃ smṛtam
Kṛṣṇa (कृष्ण) is still speaking, to Arjuna (अर्जुन). This is the happiness of rajas (रजस्).
The verse
That which comes from the contact of object and sense, like nectar at first and like poison in the result: that happiness is held to be rājasa (राजस).
नेपालीमा
जो विषय र इन्द्रियको सम्पर्कबाट आउँछ, सुरुमा अमृतजस्तो र परिणाममा विषजस्तो, त्यो सुख राजस मानिन्छ।
Where it sits
18.37 was poison first and nectar after, and this happiness, born of sense and object, is nectar first and poison in the result. 18.39 deludes the self at the start and in what follows.
Split: विषय-इन्द्रिय-संयोगात् + यत् + तत् + अग्रे + अमृत-उपमम् + परिणामे + विषम् + इव + तत् + सुखम् + राजसम् + स्मृतम्
viṣaya-indriya-saṃyogāt + yat + tat + agre + amṛta-upamam + pariṇāme + viṣam + iva + tat + sukham + rājasam + smṛtam
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| देवनागरी | Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|---|
| विषय-इन्द्रिय-संयोगात् | viṣaya-indriya-saṃyogāt | ablative singular | from the contact of object and sense. |
| यत् | yat | nominative singular neuter | which. |
| तत् | tat | nominative singular neuter | that. |
| अग्रे | agre | locative singular | at first. |
| अमृत-उपमम् | amṛta-upamam | nominative singular neuter | like nectar. |
| परिणामे | pariṇāme | locative singular | in the result. |
| विषम् | viṣam | nominative singular | poison. |
| इव | iva | indeclinable | like. |
| तत् | tat | nominative singular neuter | that. |
| सुखम् | sukham | nominative singular | happiness. |
| राजसम् | rājasam | nominative singular neuter | rājasa (राजस). |
| स्मृतम् | smṛtam | nominative singular neuter, past participle of smṛ (स्मृ) | is remembered. Is held to be. |
The phrases
विषय-इन्द्रिय-संयोगात् viṣaya-indriya-saṃyogāt is where this happiness comes from. From object meeting sense. The quarter ends saṃyogād (संयोगाद्) because yat (यत्) follows, and t (त्) before y (य्) becomes d (द्). विषय-इन्द्रिय viṣaya-indriya is viṣayendriya (विषयेन्द्रिय).
यत् तत् अग्रे अमृत-उपमम् yat tat agre amṛta-upamam is the taste at the start. Like nectar. यत् तत् अग्रे अमृत-उपमम् yat tat agre amṛta-upamam is yat tad agre 'mṛtopamam (यत्तदग्रेऽमृतोपमम्).
परिणामे विषम् इव pariṇāme viṣam iva is the taste in the result. Like poison. tat sukham rājasam smṛtam (तत् सुखम् राजसम् स्मृतम्) names it. That happiness is held to be rājasa (राजस).
Sanskrit in this line
saṃyogāt yat (संयोगात् यत्) is saṃyogād yat (संयोगाद्यत्). t (त्) before y (य्) becomes d (द्). The ablative answers "from," and it is the source of the happiness, not the time. The times are the two locatives, agre (अग्रे) and pariṇāme (परिणामे), the same two as in 18.37, with the tastes exchanged. smṛtam (स्मृतम्) does the work proktam (प्रोक्तम्) did in 18.37: "is held, is remembered as." The naming is the tradition's memory of the thing, not a new command.
Say it back
Cover the English. Say the source, then the two tastes in order. If the result is nectar, you have gone back to 18.37.