18.39
यदग्रे चानुबन्धे च
सुखं मोहनमात्मनः ।
निद्रालस्यप्रमादोत्थं
तत्तामसमुदाहृतम् ॥
yad agre cānubandhe ca sukhaṃ mohanam ātmanaḥ
nidrālasyapramādotthaṃ tat tāmasam udāhṛtam
Kṛṣṇa (कृष्ण) is still speaking, to Arjuna (अर्जुन). This is the happiness of tamas (तमस्).
The verse
That happiness which deludes the self at the start and in the sequel, risen from sleep, laziness, and heedlessness: that is declared tāmasa (तामस).
नेपालीमा
जुन सुख सुरुमा र त्यसपछि आत्मालाई मोहमा पार्छ, निद्रा, अल्छी र लापरबाहीबाट उठेको, त्यो तामस भनिन्छ।
Where it sits
The three happinesses are complete: poison then nectar was sāttvika (सात्त्विक), nectar then poison was rājasa (राजस), and delusion from sleep, laziness, and heedlessness is tāmasa (तामस). 18.40 sets the three guṇa (गुण)s over every being.
Split: यत् + अग्रे + च + अनुबन्धे + च + सुखम् + मोहनम् + आत्मनः + निद्रा-आलस्य-प्रमाद-उत्थम् + तत् + तामसम् + उदाहृतम्
yat + agre + ca + anubandhe + ca + sukham + mohanam + ātmanaḥ + nidrā-ālasya-pramāda-uttham + tat + tāmasam + udāhṛtam
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| देवनागरी | Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|---|
| यत् | yat | nominative singular neuter | which. |
| अग्रे | agre | locative singular | at first. |
| च | ca | indeclinable | and. |
| अनुबन्धे | anubandhe | locative singular | in the sequel. In what follows. |
| च | ca | indeclinable | and. |
| सुखम् | sukham | nominative singular | happiness. |
| मोहनम् | mohanam | nominative singular neuter | deluding. Agrees with sukham (सुखम्). |
| आत्मनः | ātmanaḥ | genitive singular of ātman (आत्मन्) | of the self. |
| निद्रा-आलस्य-प्रमाद-उत्थम् | nidrā-ālasya-pramāda-uttham | nominative singular neuter | risen from sleep, laziness, and heedlessness. uttha (उत्थ) is "risen," from ud-sthā (उद्-स्था). |
| तत् | tat | nominative singular neuter | that. |
| तामसम् | tāmasam | nominative singular neuter | tāmasa (तामस). |
| उदाहृतम् | udāhṛtam | nominative singular neuter | is declared. |
The phrases
यत् अग्रे च अनुबन्धे च yat agre ca anubandhe ca puts the two times together, and they are the same kind of time. At the start and in the sequel. यत् अग्रे yat agre is yad agre (यदग्रे). ca anubandhe (च अनुबन्धे) is cānubandhe (चानुबन्धे).
सुखं मोहनम् आत्मनः sukhaṃ mohanam ātmanaḥ is happiness that deludes the self. मोहनम् आत्मनः mohanam ātmanaḥ is mohanam ātmanaḥ (मोहनमात्मनः).
निद्रा-आलस्य-प्रमाद-उत्थम् nidrā-ālasya-pramāda-uttham is where it rises from: sleep, laziness, heedlessness. The quarter ends utthaṃ (उत्थं) before tat (तत्). तत् तामसम् उदाहृतम् tat tāmasam udāhṛtam names it.
Sanskrit in this line
agre (अग्रे) and anubandhe (अनुबन्धे) are both locative, and ca (च) joins them. In 18.37 and 18.38 the two times had opposite tastes. Here the one adjective mohanam (मोहनम्) covers both times. The happiness deludes at the beginning and deludes in what follows. ātmanaḥ (आत्मनः) is genitive with mohanam (मोहनम्), "deluding of the self," the person who is confused. uttha (उत्थ) at the end of the long compound means "risen from" the three things in front of it.
Say it back
Cover the English. Say the three things it rises from. If abhyāsa (अभ्यास) is one of them, you are in 18.36.