18.51
बुद्ध्या विशुद्धया युक्तो
धृत्यात्मानं नियम्य च ।
शब्दादीन्विषयांस्त्यक्त्वा
रागद्वेषौ व्युदस्य च ॥
buddhyā viśuddhayā yukto dhṛtyātmānaṃ niyamya ca
śabdādīn viṣayāṃs tyaktvā rāgadveṣau vyudasya ca
Kṛṣṇa (कृष्ण) is still speaking, to Arjuna (अर्जुन). The sentence begun here ends at kalpate (कल्पते) in 18.53.
The verse
Yoked to a purified buddhi, having restrained the self by firmness, having left the objects that begin with sound, and having cast off attraction and aversion.
नेपालीमा
ऊ शुद्ध पारिएको बुद्धिसँग जोडिन्छ, दृढताले आत्मालाई वशमा राख्छ, शब्ददेखि सुरु हुने विषयहरू छाड्छ, र राग र द्वेष फाल्छ।
Where it sits
The brief account of 18.50 begins in participles, still without a finite verb, and the same man continues in 18.52.
Split: बुद्ध्या + विशुद्धया + युक्तः + धृत्या + आत्मानम् + नियम्य + च + शब्द-आदीन् + विषयान् + त्यक्त्वा + राग-द्वेषौ + व्युदस्य + च
buddhyā + viśuddhayā + yuktaḥ + dhṛtyā + ātmānam + niyamya + ca + śabda-ādīn + viṣayān + tyaktvā + rāga-dveṣau + vyudasya + ca
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| देवनागरी | Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|---|
| बुद्ध्या | buddhyā | instrumental | by the buddhi. |
| विशुद्धया | viśuddhayā | instrumental feminine | by the purified one. Agrees with buddhyā (बुद्ध्या). viśuddha (विशुद्ध) is "cleared." |
| युक्तः | yuktaḥ | nominative | yoked, joined. |
| धृत्या | dhṛtyā | instrumental | by firmness. |
| आत्मानम् | ātmānam | accusative of ātman (आत्मन्) | the self. |
| नियम्य | niyamya | gerund | having restrained. From ni-yam (नि-यम्). Prefixes, so the ending is --ya (य). |
| च | ca | indeclinable | and. |
| शब्द-आदीन् | śabda-ādīn | accusative plural | sound and the rest. The objects that begin with sound. |
| विषयान् | viṣayān | accusative plural | the sense-objects. |
| त्यक्त्वा | tyaktvā | gerund | having left. From tyaj (त्यज्). No prefix, so --tvā (त्वा). |
| राग-द्वेषौ | rāga-dveṣau | accusative dual | attraction and aversion. |
| व्युदस्य | vyudasya | gerund | having cast off. From वि-उत्-अस् vi-ud-as, "throw away." Prefixes, so --ya (य). |
| च | ca | indeclinable | and. |
The phrases
buddhyā viśuddhayā yuktaḥ (बुद्ध्या विशुद्धया युक्तः) is the man at the start of the summary. Yoked to a buddhi that has been purified. Both instrumentals name the same buddhi.
dhṛtyātmānaṃ niyamya ca (धृत्यात्मानं नियम्य च) is the next act, still unfinished. Having held the self in, by firmness.
śabdādīn viṣayāṃs tyaktvā (शब्दादीन्विषयांस्त्यक्त्वा) is the leaving of objects. Sound first, then the rest of the viṣaya (विषय) list. rāgadveṣau vyudasya ca (रागद्वेषौ व्युदस्य च) throws out the pair that runs after those objects, attraction and aversion.
Sanskrit in this line
n (न्) before t (त्) becomes anusvara plus s (स्). विषयान् + त्यक्त्वा viṣayān + tyaktvā is recited viṣayāṃs tyaktvā (विषयांस्त्यक्त्वा). The split still has viṣayān (विषयान्). The s (स्) is the meeting, not a new word. Two gerunds in the same line show the two endings: tyaktvā (त्यक्त्वा) has no prefix, niyamya (नियम्य) and vyudasya (व्युदस्य) do.
Say it back
Cover the English. Say what he is yoked to, and what he casts off. If rāga (राग) goes and dveṣa (द्वेष) stays, stay here.