18.64
सर्वगुह्यतमं भूयः
शृणु मे परमं वचः ।
इष्टोऽसि मे दृढमिति
ततो वक्ष्यामि ते हितम् ॥
sarvaguhyatamaṃ bhūyaḥ śṛṇu me paramaṃ vacaḥ
iṣṭo 'si me dṛḍham iti tato vakṣyāmi te hitam
Kṛṣṇa (कृष्ण) is still speaking, to Arjuna (अर्जुन).
The verse
Hear again my supreme word, the most secret of all; because you are firmly dear to me, I shall speak what is good for you.
नेपालीमा
फेरि मेरो सर्वोच्च वचन सुन, सबैभन्दा गुप्त। तिमी मलाई अटल रूपमा प्यारो भएकाले, म तिम्रो हितको कुरा भन्नेछु।
Where it sits
Because Arjuna (अर्जुन) is dear, he takes the speech back to say what is good for him, the four stands next and the refuge in 18.66.
Split: सर्व-गुह्यतमम् + भूयः + शृणु + मे + परमम् + वचः + इष्टः + असि + मे + दृढम् + इति + ततः + वक्ष्यामि + ते + हितम्
sarva-guhyatamam + bhūyaḥ + śṛṇu + me + paramam + vacaḥ + iṣṭaḥ + asi + me + dṛḍham + iti + tataḥ + vakṣyāmi + te + hitam
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| देवनागरी | Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|---|
| सर्व-गुह्यतमम् | sarva-guhyatamam | accusative neuter | the most secret of all. --tama (तम) is the superlative, "most." |
| भूयः | bhūyaḥ | indeclinable | again. |
| शृणु | śṛṇu | imperative, 2nd singular | hear. |
| मे | me | genitive enclitic | my, from me. |
| परमम् | paramam | accusative neuter | supreme. Agrees with vacaḥ (वचः). |
| वचः | vacaḥ | accusative of vacas (वचस्) | word. |
| इष्टः | iṣṭaḥ | nominative | dear, wished-for. Past participle of iṣ (इष्). |
| असि | asi | present, 2nd singular | you are. |
| मे | me | genitive enclitic | to me. |
| दृढम् | dṛḍham | accusative adverb | firmly. |
| इति | iti | indeclinable | thus. It gives the reason. |
| ततः | tataḥ | indeclinable | therefore. |
| वक्ष्यामि | vakṣyāmi | future, 1st singular | I shall speak. From vac (वच्). |
| ते | te | dative enclitic | to you. |
| हितम् | hitam | accusative | what is good for you. |
The phrases
sarvaguhyatamaṃ bhūyaḥ śṛṇu me paramaṃ vacaḥ (सर्वगुह्यतमं भूयः शृणु मे परमं वचः) reopens the speech 18.63 had closed. Hear again my supreme word, the most secret of all. bhūyaḥ (भूयः) means this is a second telling, past the knowledge already called more secret than the secret.
iṣṭo 'si me dṛḍham iti (इष्टोऽसि मे दृढमिति) is why he will say it. Because you are firmly dear to me. iti (इति) marks that clause as the cause.
tato vakṣyāmi te hitam (ततो वक्ष्यामि ते हितम्) is the promise. Therefore I shall speak to you what is good for you. The speaking is 18.65 and 18.66.
Sanskrit in this line
--tama (तम) is the superlative, one step past the comparative --tara (तर) of guhyataram (गुह्यतरम्) in 18.63. sarva-guhyatamam (सर्व-गुह्यतमम्) is "most secret of all." इष्टः + असि iṣṭaḥ + asi is recited iṣṭo 'si (इष्टोऽसि): अः + अ aḥ + a becomes o (ओ), and the dropped a (अ) of asi (असि) is the avagraha.
Say it back
Cover the English. Say why he will speak again. If iṣṭaḥ (इष्टः) comes out as "you are able," stay here.