18.67
इदं ते नातपस्काय
नाभक्ताय कदाचन ।
न चाशुश्रूषवे वाच्यं
न च मां योऽभ्यसूयति ॥
idaṃ te nātapaskāya nābhaktāya kadācana
na cāśuśrūṣave vācyaṃ na ca māṃ yo 'bhyasūyati
Kṛṣṇa (कृष्ण) is still speaking, to Arjuna (अर्जुन).
The verse
This is never to be spoken by you to one without austerity, nor to one without devotion, nor to one who does not wish to hear, nor to one who finds fault with me.
नेपालीमा
यो तिमीले तप नभएकोलाई कहिल्यै भन्नु हुँदैन, न भक्ति नभएकोलाई, न सुन्न नचाहनेलाई, न ममा दोष खोज्नेलाई।
Where it sits
With the secret spoken, he keeps it for the one who wants it, and the next verse names the devotee who may pass it on.
Split: इदम् + ते + न + अतपस्काय + न + अभक्ताय + कदाचन + न + च + अशुश्रूषवे + वाच्यम् + न + च + माम् + यः + अभ्यसूयति
idam + te + na + atapaskāya + na + abhaktāya + kadācana + na + ca + aśuśrūṣave + vācyam + na + ca + mām + yaḥ + abhyasūyati
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| देवनागरी | Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|---|
| इदम् | idam | nominative neuter | this. The teaching just spoken. |
| ते | te | genitive enclitic | by you. The agent of the gerundive vācyam (वाच्यम्). |
| न | na | indeclinable | not. |
| अतपस्काय | atapaskāya | dative | to one without austerity. tapas (तपस्) with --ka (क) is one who has it. a- (अ-) takes it away. |
| न | na | indeclinable | not. |
| अभक्ताय | abhaktāya | dative | to one without devotion. |
| कदाचन | kadācana | indeclinable | at any time. With na (न), never. |
| न | na | indeclinable | not. |
| च | ca | indeclinable | and. |
| अशुश्रूषवे | aśuśrūṣave | dative of aśuśrūṣu (अशुश्रूषु) | to one who does not wish to hear. śuśrūṣu (शुश्रूषु) is the desiderative of śru (श्रु), "wanting to hear." |
| वाच्यम् | vācyam | nominative neuter, gerundive | to be spoken. From vac (वच्). |
| न | na | indeclinable | not. |
| च | ca | indeclinable | and. |
| माम् | mām | accusative | me. |
| यः | yaḥ | nominative | who. |
| अभ्यसूयति | abhyasūyati | present, 3rd singular | finds fault, looks with envy. From abhi-asūya (अभि-असूय). |
The phrases
idaṃ te nātapaskāya nābhaktāya kadācana (इदं ते नातपस्काय नाभक्ताय कदाचन) is the first fence. This is never to be spoken by you to one without austerity, nor to one without devotion.
na cāśuśrūṣave vācyam (न चाशुश्रूषवे वाच्यम्) is the third. Nor to one who does not wish to hear. vācyam (वाच्यम्) is the gerundive for the whole verse: "to be said."
na ca māṃ yo 'bhyasūyati (न च मां योऽभ्यसूयति) is the fourth. Nor to the one who finds fault with me. yaḥ (यः) is that person, and mām (माम्) is the object of his fault-finding.
Sanskrit in this line
vācyam (वाच्यम्) is the gerundive, "to be spoken." The agent of a gerundive can stand in the genitive: te (ते), "by you." The people it must not be said to are dative: atapaskāya (अतपस्काय), abhaktāya (अभक्ताय), aśuśrūṣave (अशुश्रूषवे). yaḥ abhyasūyati (यः अभ्यसूयति) is recited yo 'bhyasūyati (योऽभ्यसूयति), अः + अ aḥ + a with the avagraha.
Say it back
Cover the English. Say the four it is not for. If it is offered to the one who finds fault, stay here.