1.4
Tattvārtha Sūtra / Adhyāya 1 / 1.4
जीवाजीवास्रवबन्धसंवरनिर्जरामोक्षास् तत्त्वम्
jīvājīvāsravabandhasaṃvaranirjarāmokṣās tattvam
The line
Soul, non-soul, inflow, bondage, stoppage, wearing-away, and release are the reality.
नेपालीमा
जीव, अजीव, आस्रव, बन्ध, संवर, निर्जरा र मोक्ष तत्त्व हुन्।
Where it sits
1.2 said right seeing is trust in the tattvas (तत्त्व), and did not name them. This is the naming. The rest of the ten adhyāyas (अध्याय), which are not on this page yet, take these seven one by one. 1.5 says a word for them can be set down in four ways.
Split: jīva-ajīva-āsrava-bandha-saṃvara-nirjarā-mokṣās (जीव-अजीव-आस्रव-बन्ध-संवर-निर्जरा-मोक्षास्) + tattvam (तत्त्वम्)
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|
| jīva-ajīva-āsrava-bandha-saṃvara-nirjarā-mokṣās (जीव-अजीव-आस्रव-बन्ध-संवर-निर्जरा-मोक्षास्) | nominative plural, masculine | the seven: jīva (जीव), soul; ajīva (अजीव), what is not soul; āsrava (आस्रव), inflow of karma (कर्म); bandha (बन्ध), bondage; saṃvara (संवर), the stopping of the inflow; nirjarā (निर्जरा), the wearing away of karma (कर्म) already bound; mokṣa (मोक्ष), release. |
| tattvam (तत्त्वम्) | nominative singular, neuter | the reality. What 1.2 called the thing to be trusted. |
The phrases
The long compound is a dvandva (द्वन्द्व) of seven. The plural -ās (-आस्) is the ending of the whole list. tattvam (तत्त्वम्) is singular: this list is the reality the book means.
Jīva (जीव) is many. That is the Jain claim in one word. Advaita teaches one self. The Buddhist books do not put a jīva (जीव) on the list of what exists. This line puts jīva (जीव) first.
Sanskrit in this line
Seven stems, one ending. Only mokṣa (मोक्ष) wears the case, and the sandhi before tattvam (तत्त्वम्) shows the plural: mokṣās tattvam (मोक्षास् तत्त्वम्), visarga before t (त्).
Say it back
Say the seven in order, in Sanskrit, then say which one this school puts first.
Next
1.5. The setting-down of that is by name, by a stand-in, by the substance, and by the present state.