1.3.30
Mīmāṃsā Sūtra / Adhyāya 1 / 1.3.30
प्रयोगचोदनाभावादर्थैकत्वमविभागात्
prayogacodanābhāvād arthaikatvam avibhāgāt
The line
The meaning is one, because no separate usage is enjoined and no division between the words is found.
नेपालीमा
अर्थ एक हो, किनकि छुट्टै प्रयोग विधि गरिएको छैन र शब्दहरू बीचको भाग पाइँदैन।
Where it sits
The one correct word of 1.3.27 is now asked across two domains, ordinary speech and the Veda. arthaikatvam is the decision of this line. The class-form and the individual are not yet decided. That question opens on the next line.
Split: prayoga-codanā-abhāvāt (प्रयोग-चोदना-अभावात्) + artha-ekatvam (अर्थ-एकत्वम्) + avibhāgāt (अविभागात्)
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|
| prayoga-codanā-abhāvāt (प्रयोग-चोदना-अभावात्) | ablative singular, masculine | because there is no injunction of a separate usage |
| artha-ekatvam (अर्थ-एकत्वम्) | nominative singular, neuter | oneness of meaning |
| avibhāgāt (अविभागात्) | ablative singular, masculine | because no division is found |
The phrases
The next doubt is whether go and words like it mean the class-form or the individual. Before that, are Vedic words the same words as ordinary words, and are the meanings the same?
The first view says they differ. People call one set ordinary and one set Vedic. The form differs too. agnir vṛtrāṇi (वृत्राणि) jaṅghanat (जङ्घनत्) is not an ordinary verb. And sentences are quoted in which the cows of the gods carry face-upward, the lord of the forest has golden leaves, and ghee is called honey. On that view the Vedic word would mean something else.
The decision is that the words are the same and the meanings are the same. There is no injunction setting up a separate usage. If the words were other words, the meaning would not come across. And no division between them is found. Those sentences do not say that face-upward carriers have cow-ness. They say that the cows carry face-upward.
Sanskrit in this line
codanābhāvāt (चोदनाभावात्) before a vowel is heard as codanābhāvād (चोदनाभावाद्). arthaikatvam is artha plus ekatva, one meaning, not one object. avibhāgāt (अविभागात्) is a second ablative of cause beside the first.
Say it back
Say that the go of the Veda is the go of ordinary speech, and that the face-upward cows are still cows.