10.3.4
Mīmāṃsā Sūtra / Adhyāya 10 / 10.3.4
प्रधानं त्वङ्गसंयुक्तं तथाभूतमपूर्वं स्यात् तस्य विध्युपलक्षणात् सर्वो हि पूर्ववान् विधिरविशेषात् प्रवर्तितः
pradhānaṃ tv aṅgasaṃyuktaṃ tathābhūtam apūrvaṃ syāt tasya vidhyupalakṣaṇāt sarvo hi pūrvavān vidhir aviśeṣāt pravartitaḥ
The line
The unmanifest of Sāṅkhya (साङ्ख्य), the state of being that, a compound: a limb, a subsidiary part, and saṃyukta (संयुक्त), a compound: so, and an element, the unseen, it would be, let it be granted, of of that, his, because of a compound: vidhyupa (विध्युप), and a mark, all. A compound: the earlier, or, and not, an injunction, because of because there is no difference, pravartita (प्रवर्तित).
Where it sits
In Mīmāṃsā (मीमांसा) Sūtra (सूत्र), adhyāya (अध्याय) 10. Bādha (बाध): when a transferred detail is excluded. The words of this line are the ones to keep. A shorter line after this one may leave them unsaid.
Split: pradhānaṃ (प्रधानं) + tva (त्व) + aṅga-saṃyuktaṃ (अङ्ग-संयुक्तं) + tathā-bhūtam (तथा-भूतम्) + apūrvaṃ (अपूर्वं) + syāt (स्यात्) + tasya (तस्य) + vidhyupa-lakṣaṇāt (विध्युप-लक्षणात्) + sarvaḥ (सर्वः) + hi (हि) + pūrva-vā-na (पूर्व-वा-न) + vidhiḥ (विधिः) + aviśeṣāt (अविशेषात्) + pravartitaḥ (प्रवर्तितः)
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|
| pradhānaṃ (प्रधानं) | nominative or accusative singular, neuter | the unmanifest of Sāṅkhya (साङ्ख्य) |
| tva (त्व) | the stem, as the line writes it | the state of being that |
| aṅga-saṃyuktaṃ (अङ्ग-संयुक्तं) | accusative singular, masculine | a compound: a limb, a subsidiary part, and saṃyukta (संयुक्त). Read it from the end |
| tathā-bhūtam (तथा-भूतम्) | nominative or accusative singular, neuter | a compound: so, and an element. Read it from the end |
| apūrvaṃ (अपूर्वं) | nominative or accusative singular, neuter | the unseen |
| syāt (स्यात्) | optative, third person singular | it would be, let it be granted |
| tasya (तस्य) | genitive singular | of that, his |
| vidhyupa-lakṣaṇāt (विध्युप-लक्षणात्) | ablative singular | a compound: vidhyupa (विध्युप), and a mark. Read it from the end |
| sarvaḥ (सर्वः) | nominative singular, masculine | all |
| hi (हि) | indeclinable | for, indeed |
| pūrva-vā-na (पूर्व-वा-न) | a compound, the ending is on the last member | a compound: the earlier, or, and not. Read it from the end |
| vidhiḥ (विधिः) | nominative singular | an injunction |
| aviśeṣāt (अविशेषात्) | ablative singular | because there is no difference |
| pravartitaḥ (प्रवर्तितः) | nominative singular, masculine | pravartita (प्रवर्तित) |
The phrases
pradhānaṃ (प्रधानं) is the unmanifest of Sāṅkhya (साङ्ख्य). It stands as nominative or accusative singular, neuter. tva (त्व) is the state of being that. It stands as the stem, as the line writes it. aṅga-saṃyuktaṃ (अङ्ग-संयुक्तं) is a compound: a limb, a subsidiary part, and saṃyukta (संयुक्त). Read it from the end. It stands as accusative singular, masculine. tathā-bhūtam (तथा-भूतम्) is a compound: so, and an element. Read it from the end. It stands as nominative or accusative singular, neuter. apūrvaṃ (अपूर्वं) is the unseen. It stands as nominative or accusative singular, neuter. syāt (स्यात्) is it would be, let it be granted. It stands as optative, third person singular. tasya (तस्य) is of that, his. It stands as genitive singular.
vidhyupa-lakṣaṇāt (विध्युप-लक्षणात्) is a compound: vidhyupa (विध्युप), and a mark. Read it from the end. It stands as ablative singular. sarvaḥ (सर्वः) is all. It stands as nominative singular, masculine. The line writes it sarvo. hi (हि) is for, indeed. It stands as indeclinable. pūrva-vā-na (पूर्व-वा-न) is a compound: the earlier, or, and not. Read it from the end. It stands as a compound, the ending is on the last member. vidhiḥ (विधिः) is an injunction. It stands as nominative singular. The line writes it vidhir. aviśeṣāt (अविशेषात्) is because there is no difference. It stands as ablative singular. pravartitaḥ (प्रवर्तितः) is pravartita (प्रवर्तित). It stands as nominative singular, masculine.
Sanskrit in this line
vidhyupa-lakṣaṇāt (विध्युप-लक्षणात्) is one compound. The hyphen is a teaching mark. Only the last member wears the case. The line writes it sarvo. The line writes it vidhir.
Say it back
Cover the English. Gloss pradhānaṃ (प्रधानं) and tva (त्व).
Next
10.3.5. Not cāṅgavidhir (चाङ्गविधिर्), in anaṅga (अनङ्ग), it would be, let it be granted.