1.1.10
Vaiśeṣika Sūtra / Adhyāya 1 / 1.1.10
द्रव्याणि द्रव्यान्तरमारभन्ते गुणाश् च गुणान्तरम्
dravyāṇi dravyāntaram ārabhante guṇāś ca guṇāntaram
The line
Substances produce another substance, and qualities produce another quality.
नेपालीमा
द्रव्यले अर्को द्रव्य उत्पन्न गर्छ, र गुणले अर्को गुण उत्पन्न गर्छ।
Where it sits
This unpacks 1.1.9. 1.1.11 will refuse the same rule for action.
Split: dravyāṇi (द्रव्याणि) + dravya-antaram (द्रव्य-अन्तरम्) + ārabhante (आरभन्ते) + guṇāḥ (गुणाः) + ca (च) + guṇa-antaram (गुण-अन्तरम्)
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|
| dravyāṇi (द्रव्याणि) | nominative plural, neuter | substances. |
| dravya-antaram (द्रव्य-अन्तरम्) | accusative singular, neuter | another substance. antara after a noun means a further one of that kind. |
| ārabhante (आरभन्ते) | present, third person plural, middle | they start, they produce. |
| guṇāḥ (गुणाः) | nominative plural, masculine | qualities. |
| ca (च) | indeclinable | and. |
| guṇa-antaram (गुण-अन्तरम्) | accusative singular, masculine | another quality. The verb ārabhante (आरभन्ते) is still the verb. |
The phrases
Two clauses, one verb. Substances start a further substance. Qualities start a further quality.
A cloth is a substance started by threads. The color of the cloth is a quality started by the colors of the threads. That is the picture. The line itself only states the rule.
Sanskrit in this line
ārabhante (आरभन्ते) is middle voice, third person plural: 'they start for themselves,' the ordinary present for a group that produces. The accusative is the thing started.
Say it back
Say the rule for substances, then the rule for qualities, with the one verb.