1.1.9
Vaiśeṣika Sūtra / Adhyāya 1 / 1.1.9
द्रव्यगुणयोः सजातीयारम्भकत्वं साधर्म्यम्
dravyaguṇayoḥ sajātīyārambhakatvaṃ sādharmyam
The line
The likeness of substance and quality is that each produces something of its own kind.
नेपालीमा
द्रव्य र गुणको सादृश्य यो हो कि प्रत्येकले आफ्नै जातको वस्तु जन्माउँछ।
Where it sits
1.1.8 was what all three share. This is a narrower likeness, substance with quality only. 1.1.10 says the same thing without the abstract: substances produce a substance, qualities a quality.
Split: dravya-guṇayoḥ (द्रव्य-गुणयोः) + sa-jātīya-ārambhakatvam (स-जातीय-आरम्भकत्वम्) + sādharmyam (साधर्म्यम्)
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|
| dravya-guṇayoḥ (द्रव्य-गुणयोः) | genitive dual | of substance and quality, the two. |
| sa-jātīya-ārambhakatvam (स-जातीय-आरम्भकत्वम्) | nominative singular, neuter | being a starter of something of the same class. sa-jātīya (स-जातीय) is 'of one's own kind.' ārambha (आरम्भ) is the starting of an effect. |
| sādharmyam (साधर्म्यम्) | nominative singular, neuter | likeness. A shared dharma (धर्म), here a shared feature. |
The phrases
The dual genitive names the two that share the feature. Action is left out, and 1.1.11 will say why.
sādharmyam (साधर्म्यम्) is the predicate. What they share is the abstract ārambhakatvam (आरम्भकत्वम्), the being-a-producer of their own kind.
Sanskrit in this line
The dual -yoḥ (-योः) is 'of the two.' -tva makes an abstract, 'being such.' sādharmya (साधर्म्य) is sa-dharma (धर्म), having a dharma (धर्म) in common, the noun used in 1.1.4.
Say it back
Which of the three categories is not in this dual?
Next
1.1.10. Substances produce a substance. Qualities produce a quality.