1.1.12
Vaiśeṣika Sūtra / Adhyāya 1 / 1.1.12
न द्रव्यं कार्यं कारणं च बधति
na dravyaṃ kāryaṃ kāraṇaṃ ca badhati
The line
A substance is not destroyed by its effect or by its cause.
नेपालीमा
द्रव्य आफ्नो कार्यले वा आफ्नो कारणले नष्ट हुँदैन।
Where it sits
1.1.8 said the three are effects and causes. This line says that, for a substance, the effect and the cause are not what put an end to it. 1.1.13 will say a quality is not protected in that way.
Split: na (न) + dravyam (द्रव्यम्) + kāryam (कार्यम्) + kāraṇam (कारणम्) + ca (च) + badhati (बधति)
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|
| na (न) | indeclinable | not. |
| dravyam (द्रव्यम्) | nominative singular, neuter | a substance. |
| kāryam (कार्यम्) | nominative singular, neuter | the effect. |
| kāraṇam (कारणम्) | nominative singular, neuter | the cause. |
| ca (च) | indeclinable | and. It joins effect and cause as the two that fail to destroy. |
| badhati (बधति) | present, third person singular | destroys. The sūtra (सूत्र)'s form of hanti. |
The phrases
Read kāryam (कार्यम्) and kāraṇam (कारणम्) as the two things that do not destroy a substance. A pot is not destroyed by the halves you could break it into, taken as its effect, and it is not destroyed by the clay that caused it.
What does destroy a produced substance is the destruction of its own support, or the destruction of the conjunction that produced it. The line does not say that yet. It only refuses effect and cause as the destroyers.
Sanskrit in this line
The pāṭha (पाठ) reads na dravyaṃ (द्रव्यं) kāraṇaṃ (कारणं) ca bhavati, without kāryam (कार्यम्), and with bhavati, 'is.' The line the commentary explains has kāryam (कार्यम्), and the verb is badhati, 'destroys.' Teach that line. Śaṅkara (शङ्कर) Miśra (मिश्र) notes that the sūtras (सूत्र) use badhati where ordinary Sanskrit would use hanti.
Say it back
What does not destroy a substance?
Next
1.1.13. A quality is destroyed both by its effect and by its cause.