1.2.12
Vaiśeṣika Sūtra / Adhyāya 1 / 1.2.12
सामान्यविशेषाभावेन च
sāmānyaviśeṣābhāvena ca
The line
And substanceness is declared by the absence of a universal-particular other than itself.
नेपालीमा
र आफूभन्दा अर्को सामान्यविशेषको अभावले द्रव्यत्व भनिन्छ।
Where it sits
Same refrain, new subject. 1.2.13 moves to qualityness. When you meet the refrain, say the subject aloud before you translate.
Split: sāmānya-viśeṣa-abhāvena (सामान्य-विशेष-अभावेन) + ca (च)
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|
| sāmānya-viśeṣa-abhāvena (सामान्य-विशेष-अभावेन) | instrumental singular, neuter | by the absence of a further universal-particular that would do this job instead. |
| ca (च) | indeclinable | and. |
The phrases
The words are the words of 1.2.10. The subject is not. dravyatvam from 1.2.11 is what this reason belongs to.
Substanceness is also a particular, under being, as 1.2.5 said. The refrain here does not cancel that. It adds the negative mark the book uses each time it pins a universal down: you know it by where it recurs, and not by a different universal standing in its place.
Sanskrit in this line
A repeated sūtra (सूत्र) is not a copy-and-paste mistake. The subject is anuvṛtti (अनुवृत्ति). The words can be few because the noun was just spoken.
Say it back
Say the subject before you say the refrain.