10.1.3
Vaiśeṣika Sūtra / Adhyāya 10 / 10.1.3
तयोर् निष्पत्तिः प्रत्यक्षलैङ्गिकाभ्याम्
tayor niṣpattiḥ pratyakṣalaiṅgikābhyām
The line
The arising of those two is by perception and by knowing through a mark.
नेपालीमा
ती दुईको उत्पत्ति प्रत्यक्षबाट र चिह्नले जान्नुबाट हुन्छ।
Where it sits
tayoḥ (तयोः) is pleasure and pain. The fourfold Nyāya (न्याय) list is a different book. Read this line as the arising of these two qualities.
Split: tayoḥ (तयोः) + niṣpattiḥ (निष्पत्तिः) + pratyakṣa-laiṅgikābhyām (प्रत्यक्ष-लैङ्गिकाभ्याम्)
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|
| tayoḥ (तयोः) | genitive dual | of those two. Pleasure and pain, from 10.1.1. Before a vowel the line writes tayor (तयोर्). |
| niṣpattiḥ (निष्पत्तिः) | nominative singular, feminine | arising. The coming-about. |
| pratyakṣa-laiṅgikābhyām (प्रत्यक्ष-लैङ्गिकाभ्याम्) | instrumental dual | by the perceptual and by what goes through a mark. -ābhyām (-आभ्याम्) is the ending 'by means of,' for two. laiṅgika (लैङ्गिक) is the adjective of the liṅga (लिङ्ग) in 9.2.1. |
The phrases
The line names two routes for this pair. Pleasure and pain come about by perception, and they come about by a mark.
It does not say 'the means of knowing are two' in the way Nyāya (न्याय) 1.1.3 says the means are four. Word, in this book, was placed under the mark at 9.2.3.
Sanskrit in this line
pratyakṣalaiṅgikābhyām (प्रत्यक्षलैङ्गिकाभ्याम्) is a dvandva. The dual instrumental sits on the last member. pratyakṣa (प्रत्यक्ष) ends in a (अ) and laiṅgika (लैङ्गिक) begins with l (ल्), so that seam does not lengthen. tayor (तयोर्) is tayoḥ (तयोः) before a vowel. The file writes tayorniṣpattiḥ (तयोर्निष्पत्तिः) as one string.
Say it back
Say what tayoḥ (तयोः) picks up, and name the two routes.