3.1.19
Vaiśeṣika Sūtra / Adhyāya 3 / 3.1.19
प्रवृत्तिनिवृत्ती च प्रत्यगात्मनि दृष्टे परत्र लिङ्गम्
pravṛttinivṛttī ca pratyagātmani dṛṣṭe paratra liṅgam
The line
A compound: activity, setting out to act, and nivṛtta (निवृत्त) and, in the inward self, in seen, paratra (परत्र), a mark.
Where it sits
In Vaiśeṣika (वैशेषिक) Sūtra (सूत्र), adhyāya (अध्याय) 3. The objects of the senses are established, and the self is inferred. The words of this line are the ones to keep. A shorter line after this one may leave them unsaid.
Split: pravṛtti-nivṛttī (प्रवृत्ति-निवृत्ती) + ca (च) + pratyagātmani (प्रत्यगात्मनि) + dṛṣṭe (दृष्टे) + paratra (परत्र) + liṅgam (लिङ्गम्)
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|
| pravṛtti-nivṛttī (प्रवृत्ति-निवृत्ती) | nominative or accusative dual, feminine, or nominative singular, feminine | a compound: activity, setting out to act, and nivṛtta (निवृत्त). Read it from the end |
| ca (च) | indeclinable | and |
| pratyagātmani (प्रत्यगात्मनि) | locative singular, or nominative singular | the inward self |
| dṛṣṭe (दृष्टे) | locative singular, or nominative or accusative dual, neuter | seen |
| paratra (परत्र) | the form as the line writes it | this word, as the line writes it |
| liṅgam (लिङ्गम्) | nominative or accusative singular, neuter | a mark |
The phrases
pravṛtti-nivṛttī (प्रवृत्ति-निवृत्ती) is a compound: activity, setting out to act, and nivṛtta (निवृत्त). Read it from the end. It stands as nominative or accusative dual, feminine, or nominative singular, feminine. ca (च) is and. It stands as indeclinable. pratyagātmani (प्रत्यगात्मनि) is the inward self. It stands as locative singular, or nominative singular.
dṛṣṭe (दृष्टे) is seen. It stands as locative singular, or nominative or accusative dual, neuter. paratra (परत्र) is this word, as the line writes it. It stands as the form as the line writes it. liṅgam (लिङ्गम्) is a mark. It stands as nominative or accusative singular, neuter.
Sanskrit in this line
pravṛtti-nivṛttī (प्रवृत्ति-निवृत्ती) is one compound. The hyphen is a teaching mark. Only the last member wears the case.
Say it back
Cover the English. Gloss pravṛtti-nivṛttī (प्रवृत्ति-निवृत्ती) and pratyagātmani (प्रत्यगात्मनि).