1.4
अत्र शूरा महेष्वासा भीमार्जुनसमा युधि ।
युयुधानो विराटश्च द्रुपदश्च महारथः ॥
atra śūrā maheṣvāsā bhīmārjunasamā yudhi
yuyudhāno virāṭaś ca drupadaś ca mahārathaḥ
Duryodhana continues. The verb is still paśya (पश्य) from 1.3. These are the people inside that army.
The verse
Here are heroes, men of great bows, equal to Bhīma (भीम) and Arjuna in battle: Yuyudhāna (युयुधान), and Virāṭa (विराट), and Drupada, a great chariot-warrior.
नेपालीमा
यहाँ वीरहरू छन्, ठूला धनुष भएका मानिसहरू, युद्धमा भीम र अर्जुनसँग बराबर, युयुधान, विराट, र ठूलो रथी द्रुपद।
Where it sits
The list that runs through 1.6 is Duryodhana showing off how carefully he has looked. He wants Droṇa (द्रोण) to see the danger as a set of names, not as one blur. Sātyaki (सात्यकि) under his other name, the king who sheltered the Pāṇḍavas (पाण्डव), and the father of the woman this war is also about.
Split: अत्र + शूराः + महा-इष्वासाः + भीम-अर्जुन-समाः + युधि + युयुधानः + विराटः + च + द्रुपदः + च + महारथः
atra + śūrāḥ + mahā-iṣvāsāḥ + bhīma-arjuna-samāḥ + yudhi + yuyudhānaḥ + virāṭaḥ + ca + drupadaḥ + ca + mahārathaḥ
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| देवनागरी | Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|---|
| अत्र | atra | indeclinable | here. In this army. |
| शूराः | śūrāḥ | nominative plural | heroes. |
| महा-इष्वासाः | mahā-iṣvāsāḥ | nominative plural, bahuvrīhi (बहुव्रीहि) | men of great bows. iṣu (इषु) "arrow," āsa (आस) "throwing." |
| भीम-अर्जुन-समाः | bhīma-arjuna-samāḥ | nominative plural, bahuvrīhi (बहुव्रीहि) | equal to Bhīma (भीम) and Arjuna. |
| युधि | yudhi | locative of yudh (युध्) | in battle. |
| युयुधानः | yuyudhānaḥ | nominative | Yuyudhāna (युयुधान). Sātyaki (सात्यकि), a Vṛṣṇi (वृष्णि) ally of the Pāṇḍavas (पाण्डव). |
| विराटः | virāṭaḥ | nominative | Virāṭa (विराट), the king in whose court the Pāṇḍavas (पाण्डव) hid. |
| च | ca | indeclinable | and. |
| द्रुपदः | drupadaḥ | nominative | Drupada, king of the Pāñcālas (पाञ्चाल), father of Draupadī (द्रौपदी). |
| महारथः | mahārathaḥ | nominative | a great chariot-warrior. One who can fight many alone. |
The phrases
atra śūrā maheṣvāsā bhīmārjunasamā yudhi (अत्र शूरा महेष्वासा भीमार्जुनसमा युधि) is the description, before the names. Heroes, great-bowed, Bhīma's (भीम) and Arjuna's equals in battle. The ḥ (ः) of each plural has dropped before the next voiced sound.
yuyudhāno virāṭaś ca drupadaś ca (युयुधानो विराटश् च द्रुपदश् च) is the start of the list. mahārathaḥ (महारथः) at the end describes Drupada, and the same rank is meant for the others. Lists in this chapter often put the title once.
yuyudhānaḥ (युयुधानः) has become yuyudhāno (युयुधानो) before the voiced v (व्). virāṭaḥ ca (विराटः च) and drupadaḥ ca (द्रुपदः च) have become virāṭaś ca (विराटश् च) and drupadaś ca (द्रुपदश् च).
Sanskrit in this line
A bahuvrīhi (बहुव्रीहि) is a compound that describes someone who was not named inside it. maheṣvāsa (महेष्वास) does not mean "a great bow." It means "one who has a great bow." bhīmārjunasama (भीमार्जुनसम) does not mean "Bhīma (भीम) and Arjuna." It means "one who is their equal." You can hear the difference in the plural: the endings sit on the men, śūrāḥ (शूराः), maheṣvāsāḥ (महेष्वासाः), samāḥ (समाः).
aḥ (अः) before c (च्) or ch (छ्) becomes ś (श्). virāṭaḥ ca (विराटः च) is virāṭaś ca (विराटश् च). You met the plural version of this, आः + च → आश् च āḥ + ca → āś ca, in 1.1.
Say it back
Three descriptions, then three names. Say maheṣvāsa (महेष्वास) as a kind of man, not as a weapon lying on the ground.