1.5
धृष्टकेतुश्चेकितानः काशिराजश्च वीर्यवान् ।
पुरुजित्कुन्तिभोजश्च शैब्यश्च नरपुङ्गवः ॥
dhṛṣṭaketuś cekitānaḥ kāśirājaś ca vīryavān
purujit-kuntibhojaś ca śaibyaś ca narapuṅgavaḥ
The list continues. Still paśya (पश्य). Still the Pāṇḍava (पाण्डव) side.
The verse
Dhṛṣṭaketu (धृष्टकेतु), Cekitāna (चेकितान), and the valorous king of Kāśi (काशि); Purujit and Kuntibhoja, and Śaibya (शैब्य), a bull among men.
नेपालीमा
धृष्टकेतु, चेकितान, र पराक्रमी काशिका राजा, पुरुजित् र कुन्तिभोज, र पुरुषश्रेष्ठ शैब्य यहाँ छन्।
Where it sits
Kuntibhoja is family. Duryodhana is naming the mother's brother on the other side, in the same tone as he names a king from Kāśi (काशि). The list does not flinch at kinship. Arjuna will, later, with a different grammar.
Split: धृष्टकेतुः + चेकितानः + काशि-राजः + च + वीर्यवान् + पुरुजित् + कुन्तिभोजः + च + शैब्यः + च + नर-पुङ्गवः
dhṛṣṭaketuḥ + cekitānaḥ + kāśi-rājaḥ + ca + vīryavān + purujit + kuntibhojaḥ + ca + śaibyaḥ + ca + nara-puṅgavaḥ
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| देवनागरी | Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|---|
| धृष्टकेतुः | dhṛṣṭaketuḥ | nominative | Dhṛṣṭaketu (धृष्टकेतु), a king allied with the Pāṇḍavas (पाण्डव). |
| चेकितानः | cekitānaḥ | nominative | Cekitāna (चेकितान), another ally. |
| काशि-राजः | kāśi-rājaḥ | nominative | the king of Kāśi (काशि). |
| वीर्यवान् | vīryavān | nominative of vīryavant (वीर्यवन्त्) | the valorous one. |
| पुरुजित् | purujit | stem, inside the pair | Purujit. |
| कुन्तिभोजः | kuntibhojaḥ | nominative | Kuntibhoja, brother of Kuntī (कुन्ती), the पाण्डव Pāṇḍavas' mother. |
| शैब्यः | śaibyaḥ | nominative | Śaibya (शैब्य), a king of the Śibis (शिबि). |
| नर-पुङ्गवः | nara-puṅgavaḥ | nominative | a bull among men. puṅgava (पुङ्गव) is a bull. The compound means an excellent man. |
The phrases
Six fighters, and two praises set among them. vīryavān (वीर्यवान्) sits with the king of Kāśi (काशि). narapuṅgavaḥ (नरपुङ्गवः) sits with Śaibya (शैब्य). The ca (च) after a name is the "and" of a list being reeled off.
dhṛṣṭaketuḥ (धृष्टकेतुः) has become dhṛṣṭaketuś (धृष्टकेतुश्) before c (च्). kāśirājaḥ (काशिराजः), kuntibhojaḥ (कुन्तिभोजः), and śaibyaḥ (शैब्यः) do the same before ca (च).
purujit (पुरुजित्) has no ending of its own. It is joined to kuntibhojaḥ (कुन्तिभोजः), and only the last member wears the nominative. Two men, one case ending. You treat them as a pair Duryodhana says in one breath.
Sanskrit in this line
aḥ (अः) before a voiced consonant becomes o (ओ). You will hear it the moment a name ending in aḥ (अः) is followed by a word like virāṭa (विराट) or, here, when you meet it in 1.4's yuyudhāno virāṭaḥ (युयुधानो विराटः). In this verse the new stem is --vant (वन्त्). vīryavant (वीर्यवन्त्) "possessing valor" makes its nominative by lengthening and adding n (न्): vīryavān (वीर्यवान्). The same pattern will give pratāpavān (प्रतापवान्) at 1.12, "the majestic one."
Say it back
Recite the six names in order. The two that are praises, not names, are vīryavān (वीर्यवान्) and narapuṅgavaḥ (नरपुङ्गवः).