1.7
अस्माकं तु विशिष्टा ये तान्निबोध द्विजोत्तम ।
नायका मम सैन्यस्य संज्ञार्थं तान्ब्रवीमि ते ॥
asmākaṃ tu viśiṣṭā ye tān nibodha dvijottama
nāyakā mama sainyasya saṃjñārthaṃ tān bravīmi te
Duryodhana turns from their army to his own.
The verse
But the distinguished men on our side — know them, best of the twice-born. I name the leaders of my army so that you will recognize them.
नेपालीमा
तर हाम्रो पक्षका जो प्रतिष्ठित छन्, हे दुई पटक जन्मिएकाहरूमध्ये श्रेष्ठ, तिनीहरूलाई जान्नुहोस्। तपाईंले चिन्नका लागि म मेरो सेनाका नेताहरूको नाम भन्छु।
Where it sits
He has spent three verses on the enemy and now asks permission, in effect, to boast of his own. tu (तु) is the hinge. The compliment dvijottama (द्विजोत्तम) is there because he is about to say "you yourself" as the first name on his list.
Split: अस्माकम् + तु + विशिष्टाः + ये + तान् + निबोध + द्विज-उत्तम + नायकाः + मम + सैन्यस्य + संज्ञा-अर्थम् + तान् + ब्रवीमि + ते
asmākam + tu + viśiṣṭāḥ + ye + tān + nibodha + dvija-uttama + nāyakāḥ + mama + sainyasya + saṃjñā-artham + tān + bravīmi + te
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| देवनागरी | Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|---|
| अस्माकम् | asmākam | genitive of vayam (वयम्) | of us. |
| तु | tu | indeclinable | but, and now. The turn to our side. |
| विशिष्टाः | viśiṣṭāḥ | nominative plural | the distinguished ones. |
| ये | ye | nominative plural, relative | who. Those who. |
| तान् | tān | accusative plural | them. The partner of ye (ये). |
| निबोध | nibodha | imperative | know, mark, take note. From ni-budh (नि-बुध्). |
| द्विज-उत्तम | dvija-uttama | vocative | best of the twice-born. A brahmin addressed with care. Droṇa (द्रोण). |
| नायकाः | nāyakāḥ | nominative plural | leaders. |
| मम | mama | genitive of aham (अहम्) | my. |
| सैन्यस्य | sainyasya | genitive | of the army. |
| संज्ञा-अर्थम् | saṃjñā-artham | accusative used as an adverb | for recognition, so that they be known. |
| ब्रवीमि | bravīmi | present, 1st singular | I say, I name. |
| ते | te | dative enclitic | to you. |
The phrases
asmākaṃ tu viśiṣṭā ye (अस्माकं तु विशिष्टा ये) opens the relative: "those on our side who are distinguished." asmākam (अस्माकम्) has become asmākaṃ (अस्माकं) at the pause, the final m (म्) as anusvāra (अनुस्वार).
tān nibodha (तान् निबोध) is the command. "Know them." The relative ye (ये) and the demonstrative tān (तान्) are a pair. Who they are, those are the ones you should mark.
dvijottama (द्विजोत्तम) is Droṇa (द्रोण) again, by a compliment. dvija (द्विज) is "twice-born," the brahmin. uttama (उत्तम) is "highest." Inside the compound, अ + उ a + u has become o (ओ).
nāyakā mama sainyasya (नायका मम सैन्यस्य) says what kind of "them": the leaders of my army.
saṃjñārthaṃ tān bravīmi te (संज्ञार्थं तान् ब्रवीमि ते) says why he is about to recite names. "I tell them to you so you will recognize them." tān (तान्) is said twice. Once with nibodha (निबोध), once with bravīmi (ब्रवीमि). Same men.
Sanskrit in this line
A relative needs its partner. ye (ये) ("who") looks ahead to tān (तान्) ("them"). English often uses one word where Sanskrit uses the pair. If you translate only ye (ये), the command nibodha (निबोध) has no object. If you translate only tān (तान्), you lose the point that he is picking out a subset, the distinguished ones.
nibodha (निबोध) is an imperative with a prefix. ni-budh (नि-बुध्) in the command, second person singular, is nibodha (निबोध). Same mood as paśya (पश्य) in 1.3, different verb.
sainyasya (सैन्यस्य) shows the genitive singular --sya (स्य) on an a (अ)-stem. "Of the army." mama (मम) is the same case, irregular, from aham (अहम्).
Say it back
What does he want Droṇa (द्रोण) to do, and to which men? Answer with ye (ये), tān (तान्), and nibodha (निबोध).