1.8
भवान्भीष्मश्च कर्णश्च कृपश्च समितिञ्जयः ।
अश्वत्थामा विकर्णश्च सौमदत्तिस्तथैव च ॥
bhavān bhīṣmaś ca karṇaś ca kṛpaś ca samitiñjayaḥ
aśvatthāmā vikarṇaś ca saumadattis tathā eva ca
The leaders of Duryodhana's army. Still no new verb. bravīmi (ब्रवीमि) and nibodha (निबोध) cover it.
The verse
Yourself, and Bhīṣma (भीष्म), and Karṇa (कर्ण), and Kṛpa (कृप), victorious in battle; Aśvatthāman (अश्वत्थामन्), and Vikarṇa (विकर्ण), and the son of Somadatta as well.
नेपालीमा
तपाईं आफैँ, भीष्म, कर्ण, र युद्धमा विजयी कृप, अश्वत्थामन्, विकर्ण, र सोमदत्तका छोरा पनि हुन्।
Where it sits
The first word is bhavān (भवान्). Duryodhana names Droṇa (द्रोण) inside the list of his own champions, to his face. Aśvatthāman (अश्वत्थामन्) is on this side of the field, looking at Dhṛṣṭadyumna (धृष्टद्युम्न), the pupil named in 1.3, who was born to kill Droṇa (द्रोण). The verse does not say that. The names, set against 1.3, say it.
Split: भवान् + भीष्मः + च + कर्णः + च + कृपः + च + समितिञ्जयः + अश्वत्थामा + विकर्णः + च + सौमदत्तिः + तथा + एव + च
bhavān + bhīṣmaḥ + ca + karṇaḥ + ca + kṛpaḥ + ca + samitiñjayaḥ + aśvatthāmā + vikarṇaḥ + ca + saumadattiḥ + tathā + eva + ca
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| देवनागरी | Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|---|
| भवान् | bhavān | nominative of bhavat (भवत्) | you, sir. The respectful "you." Here it means Droṇa (द्रोण). |
| भीष्मः | bhīṣmaḥ | nominative | Bhīṣma (भीष्म), grandfather of both sides, commander of this army. |
| कर्णः | karṇaḥ | nominative | Karṇa (कर्ण). |
| कृपः | kṛpaḥ | nominative | Kṛpa (कृप), another teacher of the princes. |
| समितिञ्जयः | samitiñjayaḥ | nominative, bahuvrīhi (बहुव्रीहि) | victorious in battle. samiti (समिति) "battle," jaya (जय) "conquest." It describes Kṛpa (कृप). |
| अश्वत्थामा | aśvatthāmā | nominative | Aśvatthāman (अश्वत्थामन्), son of Droṇa (द्रोण). |
| विकर्णः | vikarṇaḥ | nominative | Vikarṇa (विकर्ण), one of Duryodhana's brothers. |
| सौमदत्तिः | saumadattiḥ | nominative | the son of Somadatta. Bhūriśravas (भूरिश्रवस्). |
| तथा | tathā | indeclinable | so, likewise. |
| एव | eva | indeclinable | indeed. |
| च | ca | indeclinable | and. |
The phrases
bhavān bhīṣmaś ca karṇaś ca kṛpaś ca (भवान् भीष्मश् च कर्णश् च कृपश् च) puts the teacher he is talking to at the head of his own army, then the three great names. Each ḥ (ः) before ca (च) has become ś (श्).
samitiñjayaḥ (समितिञ्जयः) is the praise attached to Kṛpa (कृप), as mahārathaḥ (महारथः) was attached to Drupada.
aśvatthāmā vikarṇaś ca saumadattiḥ (अश्वत्थामा विकर्णश् च सौमदत्तिः) adds the next generation and one more champion. tathā eva ca (तथा एव च) shuts the list: and so on, these too.
Sanskrit in this line
bhavān (भवान्) is how you say "you" when the person is a teacher, a king, an elder. The verb and the adjectives that go with it take the third person, even though the meaning is "you." bhavān (भवान्) is grammatically "he, the respected one." In 1.11 the plural bhavantaḥ (भवन्तः) will order these same men. Learn the pair.
tathā eva ca (तथा एव च) is the spoken end of a list. It means the speaker could go on, and is choosing to stop.
Say it back
Recite his seven. The first is not a name. It is bhavān (भवान्).