1.18
द्रुपदो द्रौपदेयाश्च सर्वशः पृथिवीपते ।
सौभद्रश्च महाबाहुः शङ्खान्दध्मुः पृथक्पृथक् ॥
drupado draupadeyāś ca sarvaśaḥ pṛthivīpate
saubhadraś ca mahābāhuḥ śaṅkhān dadhmuḥ pṛthak pṛthak
The Pāṇḍava (पाण्डव) conch-list ends, and the verb that was missing in 1.16 and 1.17 finally arrives.
The verse
Drupada and the sons of Draupadī (द्रौपदी), all of them, O lord of the earth, and the strong-armed son of Subhadrā (सुभद्रा), blew their conches, each his own.
नेपालीमा
हे पृथ्वीका स्वामी, द्रुपद र द्रौपदीका छोराहरू सबै, र बलियो पाखुरा भएका सुभद्राका छोराले आआफ्ना शङ्ख फुके।
Where it sits
pṛthivīpate (पृथिवीपते) reminds you who this narration is for. Dhṛtarāṣṭra (धृतराष्ट्र) asked what his sons and the sons of Pāṇḍu (पाण्डु) did. He is being given the sound of the other side at full roll. The next verse tells him what that sound did to his sons' chests.
Split: द्रुपदः + द्रौपदेयाः + च + सर्वशः + पृथिवीपते + सौभद्रः + च + महा-बाहुः + शङ्खान् + दध्मुः + पृथक् + पृथक्
drupadaḥ + draupadeyāḥ + ca + sarvaśaḥ + pṛthivīpate + saubhadraḥ + ca + mahā-bāhuḥ + śaṅkhān + dadhmuḥ + pṛthak + pṛthak
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| देवनागरी | Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|---|
| द्रुपदः | drupadaḥ | nominative | Drupada. |
| द्रौपदेयाः | draupadeyāḥ | nominative plural | the sons of Draupadī (द्रौपदी). |
| सर्वशः | sarvaśaḥ | indeclinable | from all sides, all of them. |
| पृथिवीपते | pṛthivīpate | vocative | lord of the earth. Dhṛtarāṣṭra (धृतराष्ट्र). |
| सौभद्रः | saubhadraḥ | nominative | the son of Subhadrā (सुभद्रा). Abhimanyu. |
| महा-बाहुः | mahā-bāhuḥ | nominative | great-armed. |
| शङ्खान् | śaṅkhān | accusative plural | conches. |
| दध्मुः | dadhmuḥ | perfect, 3rd plural | they blew. |
| पृथक् पृथक् | pṛthak pṛthak | indeclinable, repeated | each his own, separately. |
The phrases
द्रुपदो द्रौपदेयाश् च … सौभद्रश् च महाबाहुः drupado draupadeyāś ca … saubhadraś ca mahābāhuḥ adds the last names to the subject that has been accumulating. drupadaḥ (द्रुपदः) becomes drupado (द्रुपदो) before the voiced d (द्). mahābāhuḥ (महाबाहुः) describes Abhimanyu.
pṛthivīpate (पृथिवीपते) is not one of the fighters. It is Sañjaya (सञ्जय) turning to the king in the palace. A vocative can land in the middle of a list without joining the list.
śaṅkhān dadhmuḥ pṛthak pṛthak (शङ्खान् दध्मुः पृथक् पृथक्) is the verb for this verse and for 1.16–1.17. They blew their conches, each one separately. dadhmuḥ (दध्मुः) is the plural of the perfect you met as dadhmau (दध्मौ).
Sanskrit in this line
The vocative of pṛthivīpati (पृथिवीपति) is pṛthivīpate (पृथिवीपते). The person addressed is not the subject and not an object. If you parse this verse and find an extra nominative you cannot attach to dadhmuḥ (दध्मुः), it is probably this vocative, and it belongs to the frame, Sañjaya (सञ्जय) to the king.
pṛthak pṛthak (पृथक् पृथक्) repeats for "each." One pṛthak (पृथक्) would mean "separately." The double says every man, his own conch, not one blast shared. Repetition is a piece of grammar in this language, not only emphasis painted on afterward.
Say it back
Who is pṛthivīpate (पृथिवीपते)? If you answer "Drupada," the vocative has not separated itself from the list yet.