1.19
स घोषो धार्तराष्ट्राणां हृदयानि व्यदारयत् ।
नभश्च पृथिवीं चैव तुमुलोऽभ्यनुनादयन् ॥
sa ghoṣo dhārtarāṣṭrāṇāṃ hṛdayāni vyadārayat
nabhaś ca pṛthivīṃ caiva tumulo 'bhyanunādayan
The effect of the Pāṇḍava (पाण्डव) conches. Some books read the last word as vyanunādayan (व्यनुनादयन्). This one reads abhyanunādayan (अभ्यनुनादयन्), with the site.
The verse
That tumultuous roar burst the hearts of your sons, echoing through sky and earth.
नेपालीमा
आकाश र पृथ्वीमा प्रतिध्वनि दिँदै त्यो कोलाहलपूर्ण गर्जनले तपाईंका छोराहरूका हृदय चिर्यो।
Where it sits
Sañjaya (सञ्जय) answers the king's partiality with a physical report. He does not say the Pāṇḍava (पाण्डव) hearts burst when Bhīṣma (भीष्म) blew. He says these hearts did, dhārtarāṣṭrāṇām (धार्तराष्ट्राणाम्), the sons the king called "mine" in 1.1. The first movement of the chapter ends on that. The next verse turns the chariot, and Arjuna asks to look.
Split: सः + घोषः + धार्तराष्ट्राणाम् + हृदयानि + व्यदारयत् + नभः + च + पृथिवीम् + च + एव + तुमुलः + अभ्यनुनादयन्
saḥ + ghoṣaḥ + dhārtarāṣṭrāṇām + hṛdayāni + vyadārayat + nabhaḥ + ca + pṛthivīm + ca + eva + tumulaḥ + abhyanunādayan
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| देवनागरी | Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|---|
| सः | saḥ | nominative | that. |
| घोषः | ghoṣaḥ | nominative | the noise, the roar. |
| धार्तराष्ट्राणाम् | dhārtarāṣṭrāṇām | genitive plural | of the sons of Dhṛtarāṣṭra (धृतराष्ट्र). |
| हृदयानि | hṛdayāni | accusative plural, neuter | hearts. |
| व्यदारयत् | vyadārayat | imperfect, 3rd singular | it tore apart. From vi-dṝ (वि-दॄ), causal, "split, burst." |
| नभः | nabhaḥ | accusative | the sky. |
| पृथिवीम् | pṛthivīm | accusative | the earth. |
| तुमुलः | tumulaḥ | nominative | tumultuous. Describes ghoṣaḥ (घोषः). |
| अभ्यनुनादयन् | abhyanunādayan | present participle, nominative | resounding through, making echo. From abhi-anu-nad (अभि-अनु-नद्). |
The phrases
sa ghoṣaḥ (स घोषः) is the subject. That roar, the one just raised. ghoṣaḥ (घोषः) has become ghoṣo (घोषो) before the voiced dh (ध्).
dhārtarāṣṭrāṇāṃ hṛdayāni vyadārayat (धार्तराष्ट्राणां हृदयानि व्यदारयत्) is what it did. It burst the hearts of Dhṛtarāṣṭra's (धृतराष्ट्र) sons. hṛdayāni (हृदयानि) is the object, neuter plural. The verb stays singular because the subject, ghoṣaḥ (घोषः), is singular.
nabhaś ca pṛthivīṃ caiva (नभश् च पृथिवीं चैव) is what the roar fills while it does that. Sky and earth both. nabhaḥ ca (नभः च) becomes nabhaś ca (नभश् च). च + एव ca + eva becomes caiva (चैव) again.
tumulo 'bhyanunādayan (तुमुलो ऽभ्यनुनादयन्) describes the roar a second way. Tumultuous, echoing on. tumulaḥ (तुमुलः) plus the participle, with अः + अ aḥ + a becoming o (ओ) and the avagraha. The participle agrees with ghoṣaḥ (घोषः), masculine nominative. It is not a new sentence.
The other printed word, vyanunādayan (व्यनुनादयन्), is from vi-anu-nad (वि-अनु-नद्) instead of abhi-anu-nad (अभि-अनु-नद्). Both are "resounding." The picture does not change. The prefix does. This plan follows abhi- (अभि-).
Sanskrit in this line
Genitive plural --āṇām (आणाम्) means "of them," on an a (अ)-stem. dhārtarāṣṭra (धार्तराष्ट्र) ("son of Dhṛtarāṣṭra (धृतराष्ट्र)") becomes dhārtarāṣṭrāṇām (धार्तराष्ट्राणाम्). You saw the same ending on pāṇḍuputrāṇām (पाण्डुपुत्राणाम्) in 1.3. It is now a tool, not a surprise. A patronymic is a noun built from a father's name with this kind of stem. pāṇḍava (पाण्डव) is one. dhārtarāṣṭra (धार्तराष्ट्र) is the other. The war, in Sanskrit, is a war between two patronymics.
The participle at the end does not get a verb of its own. It leans on vyadārayat (व्यदारयत्). When a verse ends in a participle, ask which nominative it matches before you translate it as a separate clause.
Say it back
Whose hearts, what the sound did to them, and what else it filled. Then recite 1.1 and 1.19 as a question and an answer. If the link is only "a battle happened," you have dropped māmakāḥ (मामकाः) and dhārtarāṣṭrāṇām (धार्तराष्ट्राणाम्).
Before 1.20, recite 1.14 and 1.15 from memory. The two men in the white-horsed chariot are about to be pulled apart by a request. The next file is 1.20.