2.34
अकीर्तिं चापि भूतानि कथयिष्यन्ति तेऽव्ययाम् ।
सम्भावितस्य चाकीर्तिर्मरणादतिरिच्यते ॥
akīrtiṃ cāpi bhūtāni kathayiṣyanti te 'vyayām
sambhāvitasya cākīrtir maraṇād atiricyate
Kṛṣṇa (कृष्ण) continues, with the story other people will tell.
The verse
And people will tell your disgrace, which does not wear out; for a man held in honor, disgrace goes beyond death.
नेपालीमा
र मानिसहरूले तिम्रो कहिल्यै नमेटिने अपकीर्ति भन्नेछन्। सम्मानित मानिसका लागि अपकीर्ति मृत्युभन्दा पर जान्छ।
Where it sits
Walking away will be told, the disgrace will not wear out, and for a man already held in regard it exceeds death. The next two verses say what the story contains.
Split: अकीर्तिम् + च + अपि + भूतानि + कथयिष्यन्ति + ते + अव्ययाम् + सम्भावितस्य + च + अकीर्तिः + मरणात् + अतिरिच्यते
akīrtim + ca + api + bhūtāni + kathayiṣyanti + te + avyayām + sambhāvitasya + ca + akīrtiḥ + maraṇāt + atiricyate
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| देवनागरी | Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|---|
| अकीर्तिम् | akīrtim | accusative feminine | disgrace, the ill report. |
| च | ca | indeclinable | and. |
| अपि | api | indeclinable | also. |
| भूतानि | bhūtāni | nominative plural | people, beings. |
| कथयिष्यन्ति | kathayiṣyanti | future, 3rd plural, causative of kath (कथ्) | they will tell. |
| ते | te | genitive enclitic | your. |
| अव्ययाम् | avyayām | accusative feminine | that does not wear out. Agrees with akīrtim (अकीर्तिम्). |
| सम्भावितस्य | sambhāvitasya | genitive | of a man held in honor. |
| च | ca | indeclinable | and. |
| अकीर्तिः | akīrtiḥ | nominative | disgrace. |
| मरणात् | maraṇāt | ablative | than death. |
| अतिरिच्यते | atiricyate | present, 3rd singular, passive of ati-ric (अति-रिच्) | it exceeds, it goes beyond. |
The phrases
akīrtim ca api bhūtāni kathayiṣyanti te avyayām (अकीर्तिम् च अपि भूतानि कथयिष्यन्ति ते अव्ययाम्) is the telling. And people will tell your disgrace, the kind that does not wear out. च + अपि ca + api is cāpi (चापि). ते + अव्ययाम् te + avyayām is te 'vyayām (तेऽव्ययाम्). avyayām (अव्ययाम्) agrees with akīrtim (अकीर्तिम्), feminine accusative.
सम्भावितस्य च अकीर्तिः मरणात् अतिरिच्यते sambhāvitasya ca akīrtiḥ maraṇāt atiricyate is the weight of it. And for a man who has been held in honor, disgrace goes beyond death. च + अकीर्तिः ca + akīrtiḥ is cākīrtiḥ (चाकीर्तिः). अकीर्तिः + मरणात् akīrtiḥ + maraṇāt is akīrtir maraṇāt (अकीर्तिर् मरणात्). मरणात् + अतिरिच्यते maraṇāt + atiricyate is maraṇād atiricyate (मरणादतिरिच्यते).
Sanskrit in this line
te 'vyayām (तेऽव्ययाम्) locks the a (अ) of avyayām (अव्ययाम्) with the avagraha. ए + अ e + a keeps e (ए) and drops a (अ). The word is avyayā (अव्यया), "unwearing," feminine accusative avyayām (अव्ययाम्), agreeing with akīrtim (अकीर्तिम्). Drop the avagraha and the disgrace becomes a different word. maraṇāt (मरणात्) is ablative of comparison, "than death," the same case-job as yuddhāt (युद्धात्) in 2.31.
Say it back
What people will tell, and what it exceeds. The avagraha on avyayām (अव्ययाम्).