2.36
अवाच्यवादांश्च बहून्वदिष्यन्ति तवाहिताः ।
निन्दन्तस्तव सामर्थ्यं ततो दुःखतरं नु किम् ॥
avācyavādāṃś ca bahūn vadiṣyanti tavāhitāḥ
nindantas tava sāmarthyaṃ tato duḥkhataraṃ nu kim
Kṛṣṇa (कृष्ण) continues, from the great warriors' thought to the enemies' words.
The verse
Your enemies will say many words that should not be said, scorning your prowess; what pain is greater than that?
नेपालीमा
तिम्रा शत्रुहरूले तिम्रो सामर्थ्यलाई निन्दा गर्दै भन्न नहुने धेरै वचन भन्नेछन्। त्योभन्दा ठूलो दुःख के छ।
Where it sits
Beside the great warriors' thought of fear come the enemies' unsayable words about his capacity. duḥkhatara (दुःखतर) is the same comparative suffix as the greater good he claimed for being killed unarmed, and the pain to measure now is the scorn.
Split: अवाच्य-वादान् + च + बहून् + वदिष्यन्ति + तव + अहिताः + निन्दन्तः + तव + सामर्थ्यम् + ततः + दुःख-तरम् + नु + किम्
avācya-vādān + ca + bahūn + vadiṣyanti + tava + ahitāḥ + nindantaḥ + tava + sāmarthyam + tataḥ + duḥkha-taram + nu + kim
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| देवनागरी | Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|---|
| अवाच्य-वादान् | avācya-vādān | accusative plural | words that should not be said. vācya (वाच्य) is "to be spoken," with a- (अ-). |
| च | ca | indeclinable | and. |
| बहून् | bahūn | accusative plural | many. |
| वदिष्यन्ति | vadiṣyanti | future, 3rd plural of vad (वद्) | they will say. |
| तव | tava | genitive | your. |
| अहिताः | ahitāḥ | nominative plural | enemies, those who are not your allies. |
| निन्दन्तः | nindantaḥ | nominative plural, present participle | scorning, blaming. |
| तव | tava | genitive | your. |
| सामर्थ्यम् | sāmarthyam | accusative | prowess, capacity. |
| ततः | tataḥ | ablative | than that. |
| दुःख-तरम् | duḥkha-taram | nominative neuter, comparative | a greater pain. |
| नु | nu | particle | then, indeed. |
| किम् | kim | nominative neuter | what. |
The phrases
avācyavādān ca bahūn vadiṣyanti tava ahitāḥ (अवाच्यवादान् च बहून् वदिष्यन्ति तव अहिताः) is what the enemies will say. Your enemies will say many words that ought not to be said. अवाच्यवादान् + च avācyavādān + ca is avācyavādāṃś ca (अवाच्यवादांश्च). बहून् + वदिष्यन्ति bahūn + vadiṣyanti is bahūn vadiṣyanti (बहून्वदिष्यन्ति). तव + अहिताः tava + ahitāḥ is tavāhitāḥ (तवाहिताः).
nindantaḥ tava sāmarthyam (निन्दन्तः तव सामर्थ्यम्) is the aim of the words. Scorning your prowess. निन्दन्तः + तव nindantaḥ + tava is nindantas tava (निन्दन्तस् तव).
tataḥ duḥkhataram nu kim (ततः दुःखतरम् नु किम्) is the question he leaves him with. What, then, is more painful than that? tataḥ (ततः) before duḥkhataram (दुःखतरम्) is tato (ततो).
Sanskrit in this line
duḥkhataram (दुःखतरम्) is a comparative. The suffix --tara (तर) means "more," as it did on kṣematara (क्षेमतर) when he wished to be killed unarmed. tataḥ (ततः) is the ablative it is more than: "than that," than the scorn of his sāmarthya (सामर्थ्य). kim (किम्) asks what thing would be that greater pain. The question expects nothing. avācya (अवाच्य) is a gerundive, "not to be said," the words the enemies will say anyway.
Say it back
What the enemies will say, and the comparative. duḥkhataram (दुःखतरम्) with tataḥ (ततः).