2.37
हतो वा प्राप्स्यसि स्वर्गं जित्वा वा भोक्ष्यसे महीम् ।
तस्मादुत्तिष्ठ कौन्तेय युद्धाय कृतनिश्चयः ॥
hato vā prāpsyasi svargaṃ jitvā vā bhokṣyase mahīm
tasmād uttiṣṭha kaunteya yuddhāya kṛtaniścayaḥ
Kṛṣṇa (कृष्ण) continues, both ends of fighting are put in front of him, and he is told to stand.
The verse
Killed, you will reach heaven, or having conquered you will enjoy the earth; therefore stand up, son of Kuntī (कुन्ती), resolved for battle.
नेपालीमा
मारिएमा तिमी स्वर्ग पाउनेछौ, वा जितेर पृथ्वी भोग्नेछौ। त्यसैले हे कुन्तीका छोरा, युद्धका लागि निश्चय गरेर उठ।
Where it sits
This answers the wish to be killed unarmed as the better good: killed, he reaches heaven, and conquering, he enjoys the earth, so uttiṣṭha (उत्तिष्ठ) returns with a resolve. The hell-cascade is still untouched, and the next verse sets the personal stake down.
Split: हतः + वा + प्राप्स्यसि + स्वर्गम् + जित्वा + वा + भोक्ष्यसे + महीम् + तस्मात् + उत्तिष्ठ + कौन्तेय + युद्धाय + कृत-निश्चयः
hataḥ + vā + prāpsyasi + svargam + jitvā + vā + bhokṣyase + mahīm + tasmāt + uttiṣṭha + kaunteya + yuddhāya + kṛta-niścayaḥ
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| देवनागरी | Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|---|
| हतः | hataḥ | nominative | killed. |
| वा | vā | indeclinable | or. |
| प्राप्स्यसि | prāpsyasi | future, 2nd singular of pra-āp (प्र-आप्) | you will reach. |
| स्वर्गम् | svargam | accusative | heaven. |
| जित्वा | jitvā | gerund of ji (जि) | having conquered. |
| वा | vā | indeclinable | or. |
| भोक्ष्यसे | bhokṣyase | future, 2nd singular, middle of bhuj (भुज्) | you will enjoy. |
| महीम् | mahīm | accusative | the earth. |
| तस्मात् | tasmāt | indeclinable | therefore. |
| उत्तिष्ठ | uttiṣṭha | imperative, 2nd singular | stand up. |
| कौन्तेय | kaunteya | vocative | son of Kuntī (कुन्ती). |
| युद्धाय | yuddhāya | dative | for battle. |
| कृत-निश्चयः | kṛta-niścayaḥ | nominative, bahuvrīhi (बहुव्रीहि) | whose resolve is made. |
The phrases
hataḥ vā prāpsyasi svargam (हतः वा प्राप्स्यसि स्वर्गम्) is one end. Killed, you will reach heaven. hataḥ (हतः) before vā (वा) is hato (हतो). The nominative hataḥ (हतः) describes the you of prāpsyasi (प्राप्स्यसि).
jitvā vā bhokṣyase mahīm (जित्वा वा भोक्ष्यसे महीम्) is the other end. Or, having conquered, you will enjoy the earth. The vā (वा) pairs the two futures. Neither end is the loss of the one in the body.
तस्मात् उत्तिष्ठ कौन्तेय युद्धाय कृतनिश्चयः tasmāt uttiṣṭha kaunteya yuddhāya kṛtaniścayaḥ is the command. Therefore stand up, son of Kuntī (कुन्ती), resolved for battle. तस्मात् + उत्तिष्ठ tasmāt + uttiṣṭha is tasmād uttiṣṭha (तस्मादुत्तिष्ठ). yuddhāya (युद्धाय) is dative, "for battle." kṛtaniścayaḥ (कृतनिश्चयः) agrees with the you who stands: resolve, niścaya (निश्चय), that is kṛta (कृत), already made.
Sanskrit in this line
Two vā (वा) clauses, two futures, and the nominative hataḥ (हतः) belongs to the first. "Killed, you will reach heaven" is not "death will reach heaven." jitvā (जित्वा) is the gerund of the second, "having conquered," and its subject is the you of bhokṣyase (भोक्ष्यसे). yuddhāya (युद्धाय) is dative of purpose, "for the battle," not a locative "in the battle." kṛtaniścayaḥ (कृतनिश्चयः) is a bahuvrīhi (बहुव्रीहि) read from the end: he whose niścaya (निश्चय) is kṛta (कृत).
Say it back
The two outcomes, and the command. uttiṣṭha (उत्तिष्ठ) with yuddhāya (युद्धाय).