4.29
अपाने जुह्वति प्राणं प्राणेऽपानं तथापरे ।
प्राणापानगती रुद्ध्वा प्राणायामपरायणाः ॥
apāne juhvati prāṇaṃ prāṇe 'pānaṃ tathāpare
prāṇāpānagatī ruddhvā prāṇāyāmaparāyaṇāḥ
Kṛṣṇa (कृष्ण) is still speaking, to Arjuna.
The verse
Others, given over to restraint of the breath, offer the prāṇa (प्राण) into the apāna (अपान) and the apāna (अपान) into the prāṇa (प्राण), having checked the two courses.
नेपालीमा
श्वास रोक्न लागेका अरूहरूले दुई चाल रोकेर प्राणलाई अपानमा र अपानलाई प्राणमा चढाउँछन्।
Where it sits
4.27 offered the actions of the breaths into a yoga-fire, and this verse makes the breaths the sacrifice itself, each poured into the other. 4.30 adds measured food, and then says what all of these people are.
Split: अपाने + जुह्वति + प्राणम् + प्राणे + अपानम् + तथा + अपरे + प्राण-अपान-गती + रुद्ध्वा + प्राणायाम-परायणाः
apāne + juhvati + prāṇam + prāṇe + apānam + tathā + apare + prāṇa-apāna-gatī + ruddhvā + prāṇāyāma-parāyaṇāḥ
Sanskrit, in depth
The words
| देवनागरी | Word | Grammar | Sense |
|---|---|---|---|
| अपाने | apāne | locative singular | in the apāna (अपान), the downward breath. |
| जुह्वति | juhvati | present, 3rd plural | they offer. |
| प्राणम् | prāṇam | accusative | the prāṇa (प्राण), the breath that moves the other way. |
| प्राणे | prāṇe | locative singular | in the prāṇa (प्राण). |
| अपानम् | apānam | accusative | the apāna (अपान). |
| तथा | tathā | indeclinable | and so, likewise. |
| अपरे | apare | nominative plural | others. |
| प्राण-अपान-गती | prāṇa-apāna-gatī | accusative dual | the two courses, of prāṇa (प्राण) and of apāna (अपान). gati (गति) is a going. The dual ending is --ī (ई). |
| रुद्ध्वा | ruddhvā | gerund | having checked, having held. From rudh (रुध्). |
| प्राणायाम-परायणाः | prāṇāyāma-parāyaṇāḥ | nominative plural, bahuvrīhi (बहुव्रीहि) | those whose resort is restraint of the breath. prāṇāyāma (प्राणायाम) is that restraint. parāyaṇa (परायण) is the final recourse. |
The phrases
apāne juhvati prāṇam (अपाने जुह्वति प्राणम्) is the first pour. They offer the prāṇa (प्राण) into the apāna (अपान). Locative is the fire, the place offered into. Accusative is what is poured.
prāṇe apānam tathā apare (प्राणे अपानम् तथा अपरे) is the reverse pour. And likewise others offer the apāna (अपान) into the prāṇa (प्राण). prāṇe apānam (प्राणे अपानम्) is prāṇe 'pānam (प्राणेऽपानम्). tathā apare (तथा अपरे) is tathāpare (तथापरे). The subject apare (अपरे) is late, and it covers both offerings.
prāṇāpānagatī ruddhvā prāṇāyāmaparāyaṇāḥ (प्राणापानगती रुद्ध्वा प्राणायामपरायणाः) is how. Having checked the two courses, they are people given over to breath-restraint. The gerund ruddhvā (रुद्ध्वा) belongs to apare (अपरे).
Sanskrit in this line
apāne (अपाने) and prāṇe (प्राणे) are locative, the place offered into. prāṇam (प्राणम्) and apānam (अपानम्) are accusative, the thing offered. The verse swaps them. Do not give both breaths the same case. prāṇe 'pānam (प्राणेऽपानम्) is ए + अ e + a, the avagraha of 4.3: the e (ए) stays, the a (अ) of apānam (अपानम्) drops.
Say it back
Which breath is poured into which, both ways. If you name only one direction, stay here.